Finite Element Analysis and Experiment of the Bruise Behavior of Carrot under Impact Loading

Xia, Xudong; Xu, Zhanhong; Yu, Chennan; Zhou, Qing; Chen, Jianneng

doi:10.3390/agriculture11060471

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Jiang et al [16] investigated the stress relaxation characteristics of the lychee and described it with the Maxwell model, achieving a high coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.998, indicating a high fitting accuracy. Xia et al [17] quantified the stress relaxation characteristics of the carrot by using the Maxwell model in order to analyze the impact damage of the carrot. Zou et al [18] investigated the stress relaxation characteristics of green leafy vegetables, focusing on spinach as a representative vegetable, and derived the stress relaxation characteristics under gripping conditions using the Burgers model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Shiitake Mushroom Robotic Picking Grasper: Considering Stipe Compressive Stress Relaxation

Li,

Feng,

et al. 2024

Machines

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In order to realize the automatic picking of shiitake mushrooms and reduce the risk of damage to shiitake mushrooms in the picking process, this paper designed a shiitake mushroom picking grasper. First, this paper carries out mechanical tests of compression and stress relaxation on sections of shiitake mushroom stipes, and establishes the component stress relaxation equations of shiitake mushroom stipes. The compression mechanical characteristics of the entire mushroom stipe are then analyzed using finite element analysis, with a mean square error of less than 5% compared to actual results. Second, based on the actual picking experience, this paper proposes an “L”-shaped three-finger picking grasper, and analyzes the mechanical relationship between the grasper’s gripping force, twisting separation torque, and servo output torque. Furthermore, according to the mechanical constitutive model of mushroom stipes, the optimal twisting separation torque and corresponding servo motor output torque for the grasper are determined. The picking grasper designed in this paper was tested for picking mushrooms of different growth periods, and the test results show that the picking grasper designed in this paper is able to grasp and separate the mushrooms quickly and without damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Shiitake Mushroom Robotic Picking Grasper: Considering Stipe Compressive Stress Relaxation

Li,

Feng,

et al. 2024

Machines

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“…For instance, Jahanbakhshi et al [7] measured the mean geometric diameter, density and the minimum force to bruise carrots. Xia et al [8] also studied the bruise behaviour of carrot under impact loading. Thiel & Donald [9] performed tensile testing and reported the longitudinal elastic modulus for fresh carrots to be 1.36 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xia et al . [ 8 ] also studied the bruise behaviour of carrot under impact loading. Thiel & Donald [ 9 ] performed tensile testing and reported the longitudinal elastic modulus for fresh carrots to be 1.36 MPa.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key benefit of this approach is that it will allow the estimation of the interface pressure without introducing excessive variables or noise, which will give a simple explanatory model for the behaviour and allow mitigation strategies to be inferred. A validated FE representation of the curling behaviour of carrots will enable growers and other food processing business to improve packaging and storage, and thus reduce food waste [ 8 , 10 , 11 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of longitudinally cut carrot curling induced by the vascular cylinder-cortex interference pressure

Vo-Bui,

Rogers,

Pegg

2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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Cut carrot pieces are popular convenience foods, which enable the use of misshapen or physiologically imperfect produce. Cut carrots curl due to residual stress, which limits their shelf life and causes unnecessary food waste. The aim of this study is to identify the geometrical and environmental factors which have the most influence on their longevity. An analytical equation was developed using compound cylinder solutions, and this was used to define carrot-specific finite element (FE) models. Over 100 longitudinally cut Lancashire Nantes carrot halves were characterized, each was modelled analytically and verified using FE models. This model was evaluated by comparing predicted curvatures to ones experimentally measured over a week. The average radius of curvature decreased from 1.61 to 1.1 m a week after. A 1.32× reduction in the elastic modulus after 7 days was observed. The moisture content reduction relates to 22% weight loss, correlating to the decreasing radius of curvature. Subsequently, carrots are recommended to be stored in humidity-controlled environments. The experimental results from this study match the predictions made using mechanical principles. The research provides a methodology to predict the deformation of cut root vegetables, and the procedure is likely to be applicable to other plant structures.

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“…The literature on determining the bruising of agricultural products under dynamic impact loading has explored various destructive and nondestructive experimental methods. The pendulum test has been widely utilized as a destructive method by researchers (Abedi & Ahmadi, 2013; Bajema & Hyde, 1998; Eissa et al, 2012; Komarnicki et al, 2016; Nikara et al, 2020; Xia et al, 2021; Xie et al, 2020, 2023; Yeşiloğlu Cevher, 2022). Nondestructive damage detection of agricultural products through various technologies has also been commonly studied (Chen & Sun, 1991; El‐Mesery et al, 2019; Firouzjaei et al, 2018; Lu & Lu, 2017; Nturambirwe & Opara, 2020; Wang et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the instantaneous bruising pattern in a sample potato tuber subjected to pendulum bob impact through finite element analysis

Çelik

Akinci

Erkan

et al. 2023

J Food Process Engineering

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Potato bruising resulting from mechanical impact during production operations including harvest and postharvest is a significant concern within the potato production sector, leading to consumer complaints and economic losses. The detection of instantaneous internal bruising poses a particular challenge as it can progress over time during storage or transportation, making it difficult to identify immediately after external impact. This study aims to investigate the progression of bruising and accurately represent the instantaneous dynamic deformation behavior of potato tubers under four pendulum bob impact cases (pendulum arm angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°). To analyze the dynamic impact deformation characteristics of the tubers, solid modeling based on a reverse engineering approach and explicit dynamic engineering simulations were employed. The simulation results yielded valuable numerical data and visual representation of the deformation progression. The loading conditions considered in this study indicated that the maximum stress values, reaching 0.818 MPa at a pendulum arm angle of 90°, remained below the bio‐yield stress point of the tuber flesh (1.05 MPa) determined through experimental compression tests. Therefore, it was concluded that the impact did not cause permanent deformation (i.e., permanent bruising) in the tuber. However, the numerical analysis clearly demonstrated the sequence of stress occurrences, which is a key contributing factor to potential permanent bruising. In this regard, the bruising energy threshold of 318.314 mJ (R2: 0.96) was extrapolated. The numerical findings presented in this study can aid in evaluating the susceptibility of tuber samples to bruising. By employing nonlinear explicit dynamics simulations, this research contributes to the advancement of understanding complex deformation and bruising in solid agricultural products. Moreover, the application of these techniques holds significant industrial implications for enhancing the handling and transportation of agricultural produce.Practical applicationsThis research aims to tackle the challenge of accurately representing the immediate internal bruising pattern in potato tubers resulting from mechanical impact. Conventional methods, such as physical or analytical expressions, may not fully capture the distribution of bruising experienced by the tubers. To overcome this limitation, an engineering simulation approach is proposed to provide a more precise depiction of the instantaneous bruising pattern. By advancing the understanding of complex deformation and bruising in solid agricultural products, this research contributes to improving the efficiency and quality of agricultural production in the industry. Additionally, this study offers a step‐by‐step guide on how to conduct these simulations effectively.

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Finite Element Analysis and Experiment of the Bruise Behavior of Carrot under Impact Loading

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Design of Shiitake Mushroom Robotic Picking Grasper: Considering Stipe Compressive Stress Relaxation

Design of Shiitake Mushroom Robotic Picking Grasper: Considering Stipe Compressive Stress Relaxation

Modelling of longitudinally cut carrot curling induced by the vascular cylinder-cortex interference pressure

Determining the instantaneous bruising pattern in a sample potato tuber subjected to pendulum bob impact through finite element analysis

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