Finite-difference time-domain method for electromagnetic radiation, interference, and interaction with complex structures

Measurement and modeling of the acoustic field near an underwater vehicle and implications for acoustic source localization

“…A numerical modeling effort was carried out using a time-domain computer code based on a staggered grid, pseudo-spectral finite difference scheme implemented in two spatial dimensions CABRILLO ference method provides the ability to model finite frequency effects in both forward and backward propagation ͑Fricke, 1993, Tirkas et al, 1993, Stephen, 1996, Wang, 1996, Hastings et al, 1997and Chen et al, 1998͒. These full wave field effects are particularly important in describing the complex near-field interference structures observed in the acoustic field near an underwater vehicle.…”

On the Computation of underground Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Lightning: A Comparison between Different Approaches

“…Since that time, this technique has become a very important tool in computational electromagnetics [23]. The algorithm was then refined and used by many authors in different areas involving electromagnetic wave scattering, aperture coupling, electromagnetic interaction with biological tissues, electromagnetic pulse coupling and microwave circuit design [24], and so on. This method solves Maxwell's timedependent curl equations directly in the time domain by converting them into finite-difference equations that are then solved in a time matching sequence by alternately calculating the electric and magnetic fields in an interlaced spatial grid [24].…”

Radiated Electromagnetic Immunity Analysis of Flex Cable with Ground Plane Using Transmission Line Equations

“…A few commercial software toolkits, for example, CST [3], HFSS [4], FEKO [5], COMSOL [6], can simulate the electromagnetic emission and radiation behaviors based on different numerical techniques [7], such as finite integration technique (FIT) [8], finite-element method [9], [10], finite-difference time-domain method [11]- [14], method of moments (MoM) [15], [16], partial element equivalent circuit method [16]- [18], and others [19]- [22]. Without exception, these numerical methods can obtain results in certain accuracy level for complex geometrical structures by means of a fine meshing which derives a large number of equations in simulation.…”