Finite bending of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel tri-layer: An analytical and finite element analysis

Abdolahi, Jalal; Baghani, Mostafa; Arbabi, Nasser; Mazaheri, Hashem

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.12.063

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Another solution method is also suggested in which the multiplicative decomposition is omitted, and the large deformation of bilayers is analyzed through a single-step deformation. In comparison to the previous methods, the latter’s results were more coincident with numerical simulations (Abdolahi et al, 2016, 2017; Arbabi et al, 2017). In this work, the formulation is derived based on a single-step deformation, considering both the bending and free swelling.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Smart hydrogels have the ability to sense their environment and undergo large deformation upon changes of a stimulus. This feature is suitable for the design and fabrication of adaptive structures—mechanical structure with the ability to alter its configuration in response to changes in the environment—namely, sensors (Richter et al, 2008), actuators (Abdolahi et al, 2017; Carpi and Smela, 2009; Hilber, 2016), contact lenses (Hyon et al, 1994), and microfluidic valves (Arbabi et al, 2016; Mazaheri et al, 2015). Light-induced heating can improve hydrogel’s slow response (Hong et al, 2008a), which facilitates the employment of the light-sensitive hydrogels for larger scale applications (Yoon et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing an analytical solution for photo-sensitive hydrogel bilayers

Kargar-Estahbanaty

Baghani

Arbabi

2018

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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In this article, a new conceptual design of light-sensitive switches made of a soft bilayer is introduced. The bilayer structure consists of a photothermal-sensitive hydrogel strip attached to another neutral incompressible elastomeric layer. The bilayer is assumed to be initially flat under a uniform light irradiation. Decreasing the light intensity causes the bilayer to bend due to the inhomogeneous swelling of hydrogel layer and results in the switch actuation. To enlighten the actuation mechanism and investigate the influence of various parameters on the switch’s photomechanical response, an analytical method is developed to study the bilayer deformation due to the light-intensity variation under plane-strain condition. Additionally, the finite element analysis of the bilayer is conducted, implementing the relevant constitutive model into a finite element code. The deformation and stress inside the layers are studied both analytically and numerically for several cases. The numerical results verify the accuracy of the presented analytical method in this work. The influence of various material and geometrical parameters including each layer’s modulus, the thickness ratio of the layers, and the aspect ratio of the bilayer is investigated. The analytical method is found to be useful for proper design of the light-sensitive hydrogel-based switches.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing an analytical solution for photo-sensitive hydrogel bilayers

Kargar-Estahbanaty

Baghani

Arbabi

2018

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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“…In contrast, the second one, comprised of PAA and PAAm, is a positive thermal-sensitive hydrogel, which undergoes positive volume change (swells) imposed to heating. The material parameters for the two utilized polymeric gels are listed as follows (Abdolahi et al, 2017; Afroze et al, 2000):…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In middle pHs, both of the outlets are closed, but in high and low pHs, the flow is transmitted to the different branches. Abdolahi et al (2017) employed two different thermal-sensitive hydrogels, one of which made up of PNIPAAm and the other comprised of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm). The first one expands at lower temperatures and extracting at lower temperatures and the other exhibits an inverse behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of temperature-sensitive hydrogel microvalves in a T-junction flow sorter using full scale fluid–structure interaction

Khanjani

Kargar-Estahbanaty

Taheri

et al. 2020

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Hydrogels have attracted attention in microfluidic applications as sensors and actuators due to their ability to undergo huge volume changes when subjected to environmental stimuli. In this study, a T-junction flow sorter is numerically investigated. Each of the branches involves one hydrogel microvalve with reverse sensitivity to temperature changes. The valve’s functionality is studied with and without considering fluid–structure interaction for various inlet pressures. The results of fluid–structure interaction and non-fluid–structure interaction solutions, such as fluid flow rate and valves close temperature, are presented and compared. In order to reduce hydrogel’s response time, the solution is employed for multiple valves patterns. It can be concluded that the hydrogel deformation due to the fluid pressure has a significant effect on the valves’ operational parameters which cannot be ignored in design and analysis.

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“…Hydrogels are composed of polymeric network which can swell due to water absorption. The amount of swelling in these materials are a function of environmental stimuli such as temperature (Abdolahi et al, 2017; Chang et al, 2007; Depa et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2005), pH (Kurnia et al, 2012; Marcombe et al, 2010), mechanical load (Chester and Anand, 2010; Doi, 2009), ionic and salt concentration (Hong et al, 2010; Li et al, 2014), light (Ahn et al, 2008), and electric field (Li, 2009). Due to the smart behavior of hydrogels in response to various stimuli, they have a promising future for some applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems (Hoffman, 2002), sensors and actuators (Abdolahi et al, 2016; Arbabi et al, 2017; Guo et al, 2013; Randhawa et al, 2011; Richter et al, 2009; Westbrook and Qi, 2008; Xia et al, 2010), and microfluidics and micro-valves (Eddington and Beebe, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of a smart one-way micro-valve considering fluid–structure interaction

Mazaheri

Namdar

Amiri

2018

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Smart hydrogels are soft materials which can be applied in sensors and actuators especially in microfluidics in which the fluid–structure interaction is important. In this work, first, the behavior of a one-way hydrogel micro-valve is investigated by considering the fluid–structure interaction effect for a specified geometry of the micro-valve. Second, both the fluid–structure interaction and non-fluid–structure interaction simulations are conducted to study the fluid flow effect on the operational parameters of the micro-valve. The obtained results show that the fluid–structure interaction effects are important and have a considerable influence on the micro-valve parameters especially on its closing temperature. Thereafter, a precise study on the micro-valve is executed by considering the micro-valve operational parameters such as inlet pressure, head size, crosslinking density, and breaking pressure at different temperatures. The results show the importance of considering the fluid–structure interaction effect in the design of these devices.

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Finite bending of a temperature-sensitive hydrogel tri-layer: An analytical and finite element analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 47 publications

Developing an analytical solution for photo-sensitive hydrogel bilayers

Developing an analytical solution for photo-sensitive hydrogel bilayers

Analysis of temperature-sensitive hydrogel microvalves in a T-junction flow sorter using full scale fluid–structure interaction

Behavior of a smart one-way micro-valve considering fluid–structure interaction

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