“…Developing tools to translate sign language into text or voice to help nondeaf and dumb individuals communicate is crucial. Many sign language recognition systems are based on Indian, Japanese, British, Brazilian, Chinese, Australian, and American sign languages [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, sign language research has also focused on Asian [31], English, Turkish [32], and German sign languages [33], as well as Arabic, albeit without achieving the desired results in terms of system performance.…”