Finger friction: Grip and opening packaging

Lewis, Roger; Menardi, C; Yoxall, Alaster; Langley, Joe

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2006.12.024

Cited by 66 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A summary of the experimental research on skin friction, given by Derler and Gerhardt [21], and recently by Veijgen [4] reveals a large range of values for the coefficient of dynamic friction [4], i.e., from 0.07 [22] to 5.0 [23]. This is also found for the coefficient of static friction [4] that ranges from 0.11 [24] to 3.4 [25]. Based on these results it is concluded that the coefficient of friction in skin-product interaction is not constant and depends greatly upon the operational conditions, the environmental conditions, materials selection and possibly upon the type of motion that is used for the study, see Table 1 for an overview extracted from Ref.…”

Section: Modeling and Predicting Frictionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Skin tribology: Science friction?

2013

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Abstract:The application of tribological knowledge is not just restricted to optimizing mechanical and chemical engineering problems. In fact, effective solutions to friction and wear related questions can be found in our everyday life. An important part is related to skin tribology, as the human skin is frequently one of the interacting surfaces in relative motion. People seem to solve these problems related to skin friction based upon a trial-anderror strategy and based upon on our sense for touch. The question of course rises whether or not a trained tribologist would make different choices based upon a science based strategy? In other words: Is skin friction part of the larger knowledge base that has been generated during the last decades by tribology research groups and which could be referred to as Science Friction? This paper discusses the specific nature of tribological systems that include the human skin and argues that the living nature of skin limits the use of conventional methods. Skin tribology requires in vivo, subject and anatomical location specific test methods. Current predictive friction models can only partially be applied to predict in vivo skin friction. The reason for this is found in limited understanding of the contact mechanics at the asperity level of product-skin interactions. A recently developed model gives the building blocks for enhanced understanding of friction at the micro scale. Only largely simplified power law based equations are currently available as general engineering tools. Finally, the need for friction control is illustrated by elaborating on the role of skin friction on discomfort and comfort. Surface texturing and polymer brush coatings are promising directions as they provide way and means to tailor friction in sliding contacts without the need of major changes to the product.Keywords: friction; bio-tribology; skin; soft tissue; surface texture; brush coatings Skin friction in daily lifeThe application of tribological knowledge, i.e., knowledge on the science and technology of interacting surfaces in relative motion, is not restricted to optimizing mechanical and chemical engineering problems. In fact, effective solutions to tribology related questions are evident in our everyday life, as illustrated in fascinating examples described by D. Dowson's "A tribological day" [1]. An important part of the effective solutions in daily life situations is related to skin tribology, as the human skin is frequently one of the interacting surfaces in relative motion. These questions are typically related to optimizing friction and lubrication problems in skin-product interactions, rather than to optimising wear. Take for example the swimming pool or bathroom where material selection and application of anti-slip coatings prevent us from falling when the floor gets wet. Yet, if such coatings do not sufficiently increase friction, one will optimize the tribological system, e.g., by pressing our full foot to the floor and subsequently increasing the true area of contact or by chan...

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Section: Modeling and Predicting Frictionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Skin tribology: Science friction?

2013

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“…The measurements were carried out using a rig designed for measuring finger friction (see [28] for more details). The rig, shown in Figure 4, consists of two load cells, one for measuring normal force and one for friction force, the data from which are downloaded to a PC during experiments.…”

Section: Force/speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abrasive and impact wear of stone used to manufacture axes in Neolithic Greece

Lewis¹,

Tsoraki²,

Broughton³

et al. 2011

Wear

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Excavations at the Neolithic settlement at Makriyalos in Northern Greece brought to light a large number of stone axe heads, the majority of which were manufactured from serpentinite and igneous rocks. Detailed study of the manufacturing traces on the archaeological implements identified that both percussive (pecking) and abrasive techniques (sawing and grinding/polishing) were employed for the production of the axes. There is limited evidence, however, of how these processes may have been undertaken.The aim of this work was to build on previous research investigating sawing and polishing methods and the materials that may have been used in these tasks.Modern samples of two types of serpentinite and a dolerite were collected from the environs of the archaeological site. These were tested for strength and porosity. Through archaeological research the materials available to Neolithic people were established and some testing was carried out to establish sliding speeds and loads and percussive impact velocities achievable by a human to feed into the tribological test design.Pin-on-disc wear tests were carried out using quartz, chalcedony and sandstone as the pin material in wet and dry conditions to study sawing and polishing behaviour. Reciprocating tests were carried out using leather and combinations of lubricant (animal fat and water) and abrasive medium (sand) to study effects on polishing. Percussive impact tests were also carried out.The tests indicated that with certain combinations of materials and test conditions, both sawing and polishing could be achieved. A series of stages for the polishing were identified which are in line with observations made by archaeologists.

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“…The methodology of using a single subject to produce indicative results was previously used by the authors to study finger to pack interaction on a range of bottle/closure materials. 25 …”

Section: Finger Friction Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating openability of rigid plastic containers with peelable lids: The link between human strength and grip and opening forces

Canty

Lewis

Yoxall

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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As society ages there is a growing need to understand issues surrounding declining user capabilities. One such area has been accessibility of packaging by older people. To date much of the current research in this area has focused on measuring strength of older people and analysing the force needed to open various pack formats and has largely concentrated on accessibility of jam or sauce jars. However, a survey by ‘Yours’ magazine indicated that problems with thin film pack forms and peelable packaging was also an issue for older people. Hence the authors undertook a small-scale study to understand the issues surrounding accessing a rigid plastic container with a peelable lid. To that end the authors built a bespoke measuring device to measure container peeling forces, measured finger friction between pack and finger and undertook an observational analysis on 60 users accessing packaging of this type. Results indicated that the force needed to open containers of this type is lower than measured user forces including older people and it is therefore likely that the issues surrounding accessibility of this type of pack format are related to dexterity not strength. However, the authors also showed that this can be affected by context of use in that oily fingers could reduce the friction coefficient between finger and pack such that older people may not have sufficient strength to open packs of this type.

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Finger friction: Grip and opening packaging

Cited by 66 publications

References 14 publications

Skin tribology: Science friction?

Skin tribology: Science friction?

Abrasive and impact wear of stone used to manufacture axes in Neolithic Greece

Investigating openability of rigid plastic containers with peelable lids: The link between human strength and grip and opening forces

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