Finegoldia magna Isolated from Orthopedic Joint Implant-Associated Infections

Abstract

The anaerobic Gram-positive coccus is a rare cause of infections of bone and joints. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological and clinical characteristics of orthopedic implant-associated infections caused by We retrospectively analyzed samples consisting of anaerobic Gram-positive cocci and samples already identified as from patients with orthopedic infections. The isolates found were determined to the species level using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by Etest. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed. Clinical data were extracted from each patient's journal. In nine patients, orthopedic joint implant-associated infections were identified as being caused by The isolates were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested, with the exception of rifampin and moxifloxacin in a few cases. Five of the nine infections were monomicrobial. The most common antibiotic used to treat the infection was penicillin V, but five of the nine patients received a combination of antibiotics. Eight patients underwent surgical treatment, with extraction of the implant performed in seven cases and reimplantation in only two cases. The WGS showed a relatively small core genome, with 126,647 single nucleotide polymorphisms identified within the core genome. A phylogenomic analysis revealed that the isolates clustered into two distinct clades. Orthopedic implant-associated infections caused by are rare, but the bacteria are generally susceptible to antibiotics. Despite this, surgical treatment combined with long-term antibiotics is often necessary. The WGS analysis revealed a high heterogeneity and suggested the existence of at least two different species.

Finegoldia magna, an Anaerobic Gram-Positive Bacterium of the Normal Human Microbiota, Induces Inflammation by Activating Neutrophils

“…GPAC normally colonize surfaces of the mouth and skin, as well as the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts (Finegold et al, 1974;Neut et al, 1985;Murdoch et al, 1994;Murphy and Frick, 2013) and do not induce inflammation in a healthy host. However, in wounds or in immuno-compromised hosts, protective barriers like the skin can be breached (Casqueiro et al, 2012), and commensals may turn into opportunistic pathogens causing infection or inflammatory conditions, such as vaginoses, bone and joint infections as well as soft tissue abscesses (Hansson et al, 1995;Wall et al, 2002;Stephens et al, 2003;Brazier et al, 2008;Dowd et al, 2008;Gontcharova et al, 2010;Soderquist et al, 2017). One of the most commonly found species in these infections is the GPAC Finegoldia magna (Bourgault et al, 1980;Murdoch, 1998;Bruggemann et al, 2018).…”

Pan-genome analysis of the genus Finegoldia identifies two distinct clades, strain-specific heterogeneity, and putative virulence factors

“…were analyzed and compared. Ten strains have recently been sequenced by our group 15 ; they were isolated from patients with orthopedic joint implant-associated infections in Sweden. Seven genomes were previously sequenced by others, including the closed genome of the type strain ATCC 29328 14 .…”

“…We previously noticed a large heterogeneity among genomes of Finegoldia isolates 15 . A core-genome alignment of all 17 genomes was done and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the core genome were called.…”

“…One clade contains most previously sequenced and studied strains, including ATCC29328 and ALB8; it can be regarded as the classical F. magna clade, with an intraclade ANI of 96.6% (variation 95.1–97.4%). The other clade with an intraclade ANI of 94.8% (93.4–96.6%) contains another ATCC strain (ATCC 53516) and mainly strains isolated from patients at the Örebro University Hospital, Sweden 15 . Hereafter, strains of this clade are tentatively named “Finegoldia nericia” (Latin for Närke, the Swedish region, where most strains of this species were isolated).…”

“…nericia” strains were obtained from biliary stent biofilms 17 , and we mainly isolated “F. nericia” from orthopedic joint-implant associated infections 15 . This indicates that “F.…”