“…To resolve this issue, diverse metal halide perovskite structures have been proposed. First, Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ ions, from the same family as Pb 2+ , were used to replace Pb 2+ , , but the stability of such perovskites is extremely poor because Sn 2+ and Ge 2+ are easily oxidized. − Sb 3+ , Bi 3+ , In 3+ , and Te 4+ , which have a similar electron structure (ns 2 ) as Pb 2+ , have also been used to substitute the Pb 2+ ion. − Although these methods reduce the toxicity of lead-based halide perovskites to a certain extent, they do not fundamentally solve the stability and toxicity problems. Therefore, a novel piece of perovskite material with high efficiency, stability, and environmental safety is urgently needed.…”