Fine tuning of gas system and performance studies of RPC detectors in the INO's mini-ICAL detector

Abstract

The India-based Neutrino Observatory's (INO) Iron CALorimeter (ICAL) experiment will be instrumented with about 28,800 large area glass Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as active detector elements. The mini-ICAL, which is a 600-times scaled-down prototype version of the ICAL, is currently in operation at the Inter Institutional Centre for High Energy Physics (IICHEP), a transit campus of the INO project in Madurai, India. The 4 m×4 m detector comprises an ∼ 85 t magnet, built using 11 layers of iron plates to accommodate 10 layers of RPCs — two RPCs per layer. A closed-loop gas system (CLS) is designed to supply gas mixture of R134a (95.2%), isobutane (4.5%), and SF 6 (0.3%) to the mini-ICAL, collect the return gas from the RPCs, purify it using filters, and recirculate the mixture into the detector. Contamination of any kind into the gas mixture will severely affect the characteristics of the RPC detectors, such as the dark current and noise rates, and consequently deteriorate performance of the RPC detector. The contamination is mainly caused due to leaks within the gas system, in the gas lines and in the RPC gas gap volume. This paper deals with systematic identification and mitigation of leaks within the closed-loop gas system and performance improvement of the RPCs installed in the mini-ICAL detector.