Fine-tuning banana Xanthomonas wilt control options over the past decade in East and Central Africa

Blomme, Guy; Jacobsen, Kim; Ocimati, W.; Beed, Fen D.; Ntamwira, Jules; Sivirihauma, C.; Ssekiwoko, F.; Nakato, V.; Kubiriba, Jerome; Tripathi, Leena; Tinzaara, William; Mbolela, Flory; Lutete, Lambert; Karamura, E.

doi:10.1007/s10658-014-0402-0

Cited by 74 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…plants in the field revealed that they have persistent floral bracts. In banana, cultivars with semi or persistent male/neuter flowers have been reported to escape insect-mediated infections (Tripathi and Tripathi, 2009; Blomme et al, 2014). Thus, the risk of Canna spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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Alternative host plants are important in the survival and perpetuation of several crop pathogens and have been suspected to play a role in the survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm) and perpetuation of Xanthomonas wilt (XW) disease of banana and enset. This study determined the potential risk posed by two weeds (Canna spp. and wild sorghum) and common banana intercrops (maize, millet, sorghum, taro, and sugarcane) as alternative hosts to Xcm. The study employed screenhouse experiments, laboratory procedures and diagnosis of banana fields in XW-affected landscapes. Typical XW symptoms were only observed in artificially inoculated Canna sp., with an incidence of 96%. Leaf lesions characteristic of xanthomonads occurred on millet (50%) and sorghum (35%), though the plants recovered. No symptoms occurred in maize, sugarcane, taro or wild sorghum. However, Xcm was recovered from all these plant species, with higher recoveries in Canna sp. (47%), millet (27%), sugarcane (27%), and wild sorghum (25%). Only isolates recovered from Canna sp., millet, sorghum and wild sorghum caused disease in banana plantlets. The presence and incidence of XW on-farm was positively associated with the presence of susceptible ABB Musa genotypes and negatively with number of banana cultivars on farm and household access to training on XW management. Only 0.02% of field sampled Canna spp. plants had Xcm. Risk posed by Canna spp. on-farm could be limited to tool transmission as it has persistent floral bracts that prevent insect-mediated infections. Given the high susceptibility, perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes of Canna sp., it could pose a moderate-high risk, thus warranting some attention in the management of XW disease. Sugarcane could offer a low-moderate risk due to its perennial nature and propagation through rhizomes while risk from maize, millet, and sorghum was deemed zero-low due to their annual nature, wind-mediated mode of pollination and propagation through seed. Understanding the interactions of a crop pathogen with other plants is thus important when diversifying agroecosystems. The study findings also suggest other factors such as cultivar composition and management of the disease at farm and landscape level to be important in the perpetuation of XW disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

et al. 2018

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“…This knowledge allowed novel control methods to be developed, in which only the visibly diseased plants within a mat are removed. This greatly reduced the number of destroyed plants at farm level (Ocimati et al 2012;Blomme et al 2014). …”

Section: What Changed As a Results Of The Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case studies of Roots, Tubers and Bananas seed systems

Andrade-Piedra¹,

Bentley²,

Almekinders³

et al. 2016

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RTB Working PaperPublished by the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) RTB is a broad alliance of research-for-development stakeholders and partners. Our shared purpose is to exploit the potential of root, tuber, and banana crops for improving nutrition and food security, increasing income generation, and fostering greater gender equity-especially amongst the world's poorest and most vulnerable populations.The RTB Working Paper Series is intended to disseminate research and practices about production and utilization of roots, tubers, and bananas and to encourage debate and exchange of ideas. The views expressed in the papers are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position of RTB.Contact:

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“…In DR Congo, banana production is constrained by numerous socio-economic, biotic and abiotic factors, including pest and disease pressure and an often-declining soil fertility (Bouwmeester et al, 2009). Among these constraints, banana Xanthomonas wilt has recently become one of the most important, indiscriminately affecting all Musa cultivars and causing up to 100% yield loss (Blomme et al, 2014). The disease has often been followed by destruction of banana plants on large swaths of land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macropropagation of banana/plantain using selected local materials: a cost-effective way of mass propagation of planting materials for resource-poor households

Ntamwira¹,

Sivirihauma²,

Ocimati³

et al. 2017

Europ.J.Hortic.Sci.

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SummaryThis study assessed simple macro-propagation methods, which build on methods reported for enset multiplication, for producing banana seedlings in four different Musa cultivar use groups across four unique agro-ecologies (900-1,815 m a.s.l.). The methods consisted of a substrate of loosened soil or a soil-and decomposed farmyard manure mixture under either a semi-cylindrical tunnel made of wooden/stick frames covered with knitted elephant grass stems or a 5 cm thick mulch cover of spear grass/elephant grass. A standard macro-propagation unit, made of wooden planks and thick plastic polythene sheet covering, with sawdust as substrate, served as a control. The average number of harvested plantlets per corm, irrespective of cultivar and site, varied between 7.5 under semi-cylindrical tunnel without manure and 12.6 under the standard macro-propagation unit. In general, and across sites and cultivars, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) between macro-propagation methods in the mean number of harvested plantlets. Irrespective of method and cultivar, fewer plantlets were harvested at the high altitude sites. Significantly more plantain plantlets (12.1-14.5) were produced at low altitudes (900 and 1,066 m) while dessert (12.8) and cooking (12.7) types performed better at 1,700 m. Significantly fewer plantlets per corm were produced by the ABB types (7.9), while the highest numbers were realized for the plantains (12.2). The net profit from sale of plantlets from the simple macro-propagation units was comparable and sometimes higher than that from the standard unit. The high initial cost and skills needed for establishing the standard macro-propagation unit have often hindered its adoption. The low cost, use of local materials and comparable returns from the simple macro-propagation units suggest that they could be a good alternative for banana seedling production under small-scale farmer conditions.

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Fine-tuning banana Xanthomonas wilt control options over the past decade in East and Central Africa

Cited by 74 publications

References 34 publications

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Risks Posed by Intercrops and Weeds as Alternative Hosts to Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum in Banana Fields

Case studies of Roots, Tubers and Bananas seed systems

Macropropagation of banana/plantain using selected local materials: a cost-effective way of mass propagation of planting materials for resource-poor households

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