Fine structure of the fat body and nephrocytes in the life-stages ofDermacentor variabilis

Coons, Lewis B.; Lamoreaux, William J.; Rosell-Davis, Rosemarie; Starr-Spires, Linda

doi:10.1007/bf01193387

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…MMPs can also be regulated differently by more than one miRNAs. For example, miR-143 was shown to decrease MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in pancreatic cancer cells [95], whereas miR-21, miR-221 and miR-222 led to their upregulation [96,97]. From these studies it becomes clear that even though MMPs are attractive therapeutic targets, a closer examination of their varied roles in pancreatic TME and their regulation via miRNAs needs to be carried out before they can be further tested in clinical trials.…”

Section: Matrix Metalloproteinase (Mmp) Inhibition-mmps Are Proteolytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pandey

Störz

2019

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

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Introduction: The dismally slow improvement in patient survival over the years for pancreatic cancer patients is mainly due to two factors: the late diagnosis, at which point the disease is spread to distant organs; and the fact that tumor cells are surrounded by a dense, highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment not only shields pancreatic cancer cells from chemotherapy but also leaves it unsusceptible to various immunotherapeutic strategies that have been proven successful in other types of cancer. Areas covered: This review highlights the main components of the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, how they cross-talk with each other to generate stroma and promote tumor growth. Additionally, we discuss the most promising treatment targets in the microenvironment whose modulation can be robustly tested in combination with standard of care chemotherapy. Currently active clinical trials for pancreatic cancer involving components of the microenvironment are also listed. Expert opinion: Although immunotherapeutic approaches involving checkpoint inhibition are being pursued enthusiastically, there is still more work to be done with several other emerging immune targets that could provide therapeutic benefit.

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Section: Matrix Metalloproteinase (Mmp) Inhibition-mmps Are Proteolytmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pandey

Störz

2019

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy

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“…Location and depth of colour deposits were assessed subjectively on a 6 point comparative scale from zero, trace, +, ++, +++, to ++++ (by amount not colour). The gut by region including the pre-oral cavity, as well as: the dorsal connective tissues (akin to tick 'fat body '-Coons et al 1990); the salivary glands; the coxal glands plus nephrocytes; and, the Malpighian tubules were all scored enzyme histochemically.…”

Section: Histochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cells of the midgut in ticks serve as a depot of stored protein, fats and carbohydrates, realising a complicated chain of metabolic conversions-Balashov (1961b). Fat bodies for nutrient storage are also known in ticks (Obenchain and Oliver 1973) and link feeding to reproduction (Coons et al 1990). Fat bodies are the site of intermediate metabolism as well as a place for storing nutrients (El Shoura 1989) in argasids.…”

Section: Fifo Lifo Lilo and The Total Feeding Cycle Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The gut epithelium from feeding to fasting in the predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae): one tissue, two roles

Bowman

2019

Exp Appl Acarol

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A review of acarine gut physiology based on published narratives dispersed over the historical international literature is given. Then, in an experimental study of the free-living predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Berlese), quantitative micro-anatomical changes in the gut epithelium are critically assessed from a temporal series of histological sections during and after feeding on larval dipteran prey. An argued functional synthesis based upon comparative kinetics is offered for verification in other mesostigmatids. Midand hind-gut epithelia cell types interconvert in a rational way dependent upon the physical consequences of ingestion, absorption and egestion. The fasted transitional pseudostratified epithelium rapidly becomes first squamous on prey ingestion (by stretching), then columnar during digestion before confirmed partial disintegration (gut 'lumenation') during egestion back to a pseudo-stratified state. Exponential processes within the mid-and endodermic hind-gut exhibit 'stiff' dynamics. Cells expand rapidly (t 1∕2 = 22.9-49.5 min) and vacuolate quickly (t 1∕2 = 1.1 h). Cells shrink very slowly (t 1∕2 = 4.9 days) and devacuolate gently (t 1∕2 = 1.0-1.7 days). Egestive cellular degeneration has an initial t 1∕2 = 7.7 h. Digestion appears to be triggered by maximum gut expansion-estimated at 10 min post start of feeding. Synchrony with changes in gut lumen contents suggests common changes in physiological function over time for the cells as a whole tightly-coupled epithelium. Distinct in architecture as a tissue over time the various constituent cell types appear functionally the same. Functional phases are: early fluid transportation (0-1 h) and extracellular activity (10-90 min); through rising food absorption (10 min to > 1 day); to slow intracellular meal processing and degenerative egestive waste material production (1 to > 12 days) much as in ticks. The same epithelium is both absorptive and degenerative in role. The switch in predominant physiology begins 4 h after the start of feeding. Two separate pulses of clavate cells appear to be a mechanism to facilitate transport by increasing epithelial surface area in contact with the lumen. Free-floating cells may augment early extracellular lumenal digestion. Possible evidence for salivary enzyme alkaline-related extra-corporeal digestion was found. Giant mycetome-like cells were found embedded in the mid-gut wall. Anteriorly, the mid-gut behaves like a temporally expendable food processing tissue and minor long-term resistive store. Posteriorly the mid-gut behaves like a major assimilative/ catabolic tissue and 'last-out' food depot (i.e., a 'hepatopancreas' function) allowing the mite to resist starvation for up to 3.5 weeks after a single meal. A 'conveyor-belt' wave Extended author information available on the last page of the article Research Council grant B/77307818 at Liverpool John Moores University. Thanks go to Susan Bjornson (then at University of Alberta, Canada) for advice on invertebrate sporozoans and Don E Johnston (Ohio Sta...

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Seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodidae)

et al. 2016

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Fatty acids (FAs) from nymphs, females and males of Ixodes ricinus were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Ticks were collected from May to October 2013. The most abundant FAs were 18:1, 18:0, 16:0 and 18:2 which are also dominant FAs of insects. Adults contained higher concentrations of FAs in general than nymphs because they contain more fat body and probably a thicker layer of epicuticular lipids. Larger quantities of FAs > 20 carbon atoms in the carboxylic chain were present in females, which generally show higher content of lipids essential for oogenesis, whereas there were similar amounts of 14-18 in both sexes. In September and October, ticks contained large concentrations of the majority of FAs except for 18:1, the most abundant one in ticks collected from May through August. Thus, most FAs, especially those with more than 20 C atoms, tend to increase at lower temperatures.

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Fine structure of the fat body and nephrocytes in the life-stages ofDermacentor variabilis

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Targeting the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Targeting the tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

The gut epithelium from feeding to fasting in the predatory soil mite Pergamasus longicornis (Mesostigmata: Parasitidae): one tissue, two roles

Seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodidae)

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