Fine structure of the carotid body of the midterm human fetus

Hervonen, Antti; Korkala, O

doi:10.1007/bf00519376

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In an ultrastructurd study of midterm fetuses developing chief cells were described as having ovoid nuclei, pale cytoplasm, and an abundance of dense-core vesicles measuring 160-280 nm in diameter (7). In contrast, fetal sustentacular cells had elongated, irregular, or angular nuclei and long cytoplasmic extensions that partially encircled fetal chief cells as in the present study (7). They were associated with many nerve axons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Fetal chief cells were characterized not only by round or oval, pale nuclei, copious cytoplasm, and numerous mitochondria but also by the possession of dense-core vesicles, which are the most distinctive feature of the adult form of chief cell. In an ultrastructurd study of midterm fetuses developing chief cells were described as having ovoid nuclei, pale cytoplasm, and an abundance of dense-core vesicles measuring 160-280 nm in diameter (7). In contrast, fetal sustentacular cells had elongated, irregular, or angular nuclei and long cytoplasmic extensions that partially encircled fetal chief cells as in the present study (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Glomic Cells and their Peptides in the Carotid Body of the Human Fetus

Scraggs

Smith

Heath

1992

Pediatric Pathology

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Carotid bodies from 15 human fetuses of gestational ages 13-19 weeks were examined by light and electron microscopy. They were also labeled with antisera to methionine- and leucine-enkephalins, substance P, and bombesin. At 13 weeks of gestation most fetal glomic cells formed a homogeneous population but a few could be distinguished by light microscopy as rounded, pale fetal chief cells or elongated, darker fetal sustentacular cells, a distinction that became more certain with increasing gestational age. Electron microscopy confirmed this distinction, in which fetal chief cells contained dense-core vesicles and were partially enfolded by cytoplasmic extensions of fetal sustentacular cells. Immunoreactivity to methionine- and leucine-enkephalins was found at all gestational ages and was confined largely to fetal chief cells. Immunoreactivity to substance P was less specific, and there was no reaction for bombesin. Thus, by as early as the 13th week of gestation the two principal types of cell of the mature human carotid body begin to become recognizable on paraffin-embedded sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Furthermore, fetal chief cells can synthesize the peptides found in the adult.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Glomic Cells and their Peptides in the Carotid Body of the Human Fetus

Scraggs

Smith

Heath

1992

Pediatric Pathology

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“…In most species, formation of the carotid body structure and differentiation of distinct cell types occurs by mid- to two-thirds of gestation. In the human fetus at ~ 14–15 weeks gestation, carotid body histology was described as “surprisingly mature”, with well-developed glomus cells, including glomus cells with dense-cored vesicles, type II cells, vascular supply and innervation (Hervonen and Korkala, 1972). Studies in rabbit and rat suggest that glomus cell features, such as the numbers of dense-cored vesicles, may continue to mature after birth and that development of CSN-glomus cell synapses continues to take place postnatally (Bolle et al, 2000; Kariya et al, 1990; Kondo, 1976; von Dalnok and Menssen, 1986).…”

Section: 0 Structural Factors In Cb Functional Resettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid chemoreceptor “resetting” revisited

Carroll

Kim

2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Carotid body (CB) chemoreceptors transduce low arterial O2 tension into increased action potential activity on the carotid sinus nerves, which contributes to resting ventilatory drive, increased ventilatory drive in response to hypoxia, arousal responses to hypoxia during sleep, upper airway muscle activity, blood pressure control and sympathetic tone. Their sensitivity to O2 is low in the newborn and increases during the days or weeks after birth to reach adult levels. This postnatal functional maturation of the CB O2 response has been termed “resetting” and it occurs in every mammalian species studied to date. The O2 environment appears to play a key role; the fetus develops in a low O2 environment throughout gestation and initiation of CB “resetting” after birth is modulated by the large increase in arterial oxygen tension occurring at birth. Although numerous studies have reported age-related changes in various components of the O2 transduction cascade, how the O2 environment shapes normal CB prenatal development and postnatal “resetting” remains unknown. Viewing CB “resetting” as environment-driven (developmental) phenotypic plasticity raises important mechanistic questions that have received little attention. This review examines what is known (and not known) about mechanisms of CB functional maturation, with a focus on the role of the O2 environment.

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“…14–15 weeks) has been described by Hervonen and Korkala (1972) as “ surprisingly mature ”. Glomus (Type I) cells were plentiful in midterm fetuses and possessed dense-cored vesicles with strong formaldehyde-induced fluorescence characteristic of monamines.…”

Section: Prenatal Development Of Carotid Body Chemoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nerve fibers richly innervated glomus cells, and their terminals contained both agranular and granular vesicles. Blood capillaries filled about 10–55% of the carotid body organ volume (Hervonen et al, 1972). Thus, even at midterm, human fetal carotid bodies appear to have a basic structure similar to adult carotid bodies.…”

Section: Prenatal Development Of Carotid Body Chemoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal development of respiratory chemoreceptors in endothermic vertebrates

Hempleman

Pilarski

2011

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Respiratory chemoreceptors are neurons that detect PCO2, PO2, and/or pH in body fluids and provide sensory feedback for the control of breathing. They play a critical role in coupling pulmonary ventilation to metabolic demand in endothermic vertebrates. During birth in mammals and hatching in birds, the state change from placental or chorioallantoic gas exchange to pulmonary respiration makes acute demands on the neonatal lungs and ventilatory control system, including the respiratory chemoreceptors. Here we review the literature on prenatal development of carotid body chemoreceptors, central chemoreceptors, and airway chemoreceptors, with emphasis on the histology, histochemistry, and neurophysiology of chemosensory cells or their afferents, and their physiological genomics if known. In general, respiratory chemoreceptors develop prenatally and are functional but immature at birth or hatching. Each type of respiratory chemoreceptor has a unique prenatal developmental timecourse, and all studied to date require a period of postnatal maturation to express the full adult response.

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Fine structure of the carotid body of the midterm human fetus

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Glomic Cells and their Peptides in the Carotid Body of the Human Fetus

Glomic Cells and their Peptides in the Carotid Body of the Human Fetus

Carotid chemoreceptor “resetting” revisited

Prenatal development of respiratory chemoreceptors in endothermic vertebrates

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