Fine Structural Abnormalities of the Placenta in Diabetic Rats

Gewolb, Ira H; Merdian, William; Warshaw, Joseph B.; Enders, Allen C.

doi:10.2337/diab.35.11.1254

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is clear that, whatever the exact mechanism, statistically significant changes take place in EPC cell cycles in a high glucose concentration milieu. Along the same line it has been hypothesised by others that hyperglycaemia leads to a relative immaturity of rat placentas by providing a stimulus for continuous growth and cell division [29]. Our findings of a decreased differentiation index in diabetic rats are also in agreement with this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Growth characteristics of diabetic rat ectoplacental cones in vivo and in vitro

et al. 2000

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The altered metabolic environment in maternal diabetes during pregnancy interferes with normal fetal development. In humans, as well as in rodents, there is an increased incidence of congenital malformations, such as non-closure of the neural folds and deformities of the heart chambers and the skeleton [1,2], possibly induced by high glucose concentrations [3±5], low insulin concentrations [6,7] or ketone bodies [8]. Congenital malformations and fetal growth retardation in humans are found to be induced by the diabetic state as early as the late embryonic period (between the seventh and fourteenth week) [9]. In rodents experimental diabetes impairs, however, the development of the embryo even in the pre-implantation period [10±13]. By a precise metabolic control of diabetes during the early stage of pregnancy, the increased incidence of congenital malformations can be prevented [14,15]. AbstractAims/hypothesis. To investigate the outgrowth of the ectoplacental cone in diabetic rats in vivo and in vitro. Methods. Female Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (75 mg/kg body weight, n = 15), or with control buffer (n = 27) 3 days before mating. On day 9 (day 1 = copulation plug) decidual swellings were weighed and the volume and mitotic index of the embryo and ectoplacental cone were estimated. Also, ectoplacental cones were cultured either in the presence of decidual cells from pseudopregnant diabetic rats or in high glucose concentration media. Cultures were evaluated by the daily outgrowth and by the proportion of giant cells and proliferating cells on day 5.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Growth characteristics of diabetic rat ectoplacental cones in vivo and in vitro

et al. 2000

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“…Exposure to hyperglycemia under the experimental conditions results in reduced weight gain in diabetic rats at the end of pregnancy (4). In STZ induced diabetic rats, the placenta is larger and the fetal weight is higher than in healthy rats; these rats often give birth to macrosomic fetuses (1,4,5). The pathogenesis of these anomalies is not well understood.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Both fetal macrosomia and intrauterine development retardation are frequently seen in uncontrolled diabetic pregnancies (1). Despite currently available treatment, maternal diabetes comprises unfit conditions for embryonic and fetoplacental development.…”

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confidence: 99%

Histopathological, Ultrastructural and Apoptotic Changes in Diabetic Rat Placenta

Gül¹,

Bayat²,

Çetin³

et al. 2015

Balkan Med J

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Background:The exchange of substances between mother and fetus via the placenta plays a vital role during development. A number of developmental disorders in the fetus and placenta are observed during diabetic pregnancies. Diabetes, together with placental apoptosis, can lead to developmental and functional disorders. Aims: Histological, ultrastructural and apoptotic changes were investigated in the placenta of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: In this study, a total of 12 female Wistar Albino rats (control (n=6) and diabetic (n=6)) were used. Rats in the diabetic group, following the administration of a single dose of STZ, showed blood glucose levels higher than 200 mg/dL after 72 hours. When pregnancy was detected after the rats were bred, two pieces of placenta and the fetuses were collected on the 20 th day of pregnancy by cesarean incision under ketamine/ xylazine anesthesia from in four rats from the control and diabetic groups. Placenta tissues were processed for light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff-diastase (PAS-D) staining for light microscopic and caspase-3 staining for immunohistochemical investigations were performed for each placenta. Electron microscopy was performed on thin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead nitrate. Results: Weight gain in the placenta and fetuses of diabetic rats and thinning of the decidual layer, thickening of the hemal membrane, apoptotic bodies, congestion in intervillous spaces, increased PAS-D staining in decidual cells and caspase-3 immunoreactivity were observed in the diabetic group. After the ultrastructural examination, the apoptotic appearance of the nuclei of trophoblastic cells, edema and intracytoplasmic vacuolization, glycogen accumulation, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and myelin figures were observed. In addition, capillary basement membrane thickening, capillary endothelial cells chromatin condensation in the nucleus and corrugation of the nucleus were found. Conclusion: Diabetes causes histomorphometric, ultrastructural and apoptotic changes in rat placenta.

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“…These placentas are characterized by placentomegaly and delayed maturation during late gestation [7,8]. A number of studies suggest that the placental development in diabetic pregnancies is already impaired at the early stages, even before anomalous organogenesis can be observed [9,10,11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of high concentrations of glucose on differentiation of rat trophoblast cells in vitro

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. Previous studies have shown that diabetic placentas are characterized by structural and biochemical anomalies, including defects in the differentiation of trophoblasts. In this study, the Rcho-1 cell line was used to investigate the impact of high glucose concentrations on different markers of differentiation of rat trophoblast cells in giant cells (endoreduplication, invasive phenotype and endocrine phenotype). Materials. Rcho-1 cells were incubated for 12 days in medium supplemented with different concentrations of glucose and 10% horse serum to optimize differentiation. The cells were examined for the proportion of nuclei showing signs of apoptosis. The effect of high glucose was investigated on the endoreduplication process, on invasive phenotype (secretion of gelatinase B) and on endocrine phenotype (expression of placental lactogen I (PL-I) and II (PL-II) and progesterone secretion). Results. Apoptosis was not induced by high glucose in Rcho-1. The number of cells was higher in the cultures exposed to high glucose (p<0.05) and their nuclei contained more DNA compared with control cells (p<0.001), while their nuclear size was smaller (p<0.001). Gelatinase B secretion increased during differentiation but no difference was found when gelatinase B secretion from trophoblasts exposed to high glucose was compared with the control cells. Rcho-1 cell cultures showed an increase in PL-I and PL-II mRNA expressions during differentiation and which was not affected by high glucose. Progesterone secretion increased during differentiation in control cultures. However, this increase was abolished when trophoblasts were cultured in high glucose. Conclusions/interpretation. Our data suggest that high glucose influences the endoreduplication process and the steroidogenesis during differentiation of rat trophoblasts. [Diabetologia (2003) 46:276-283]

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Fine Structural Abnormalities of the Placenta in Diabetic Rats

Cited by 42 publications

References 9 publications

Growth characteristics of diabetic rat ectoplacental cones in vivo and in vitro

Growth characteristics of diabetic rat ectoplacental cones in vivo and in vitro

Histopathological, Ultrastructural and Apoptotic Changes in Diabetic Rat Placenta

Effect of high concentrations of glucose on differentiation of rat trophoblast cells in vitro

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