Fine‐Scale Visualization of Aurora in a Wide Area Using Color Digital Camera Images From the International Space Station

Nanjo, Sota; Hozumi, Yuta; Hosokawa, K.; Kataoka, Ryuho; Miyoshi, Yoshizumi; Oyama, Shin‐ichiro; Ozaki, Mitsunori; Kurita, Satoshi

doi:10.1029/2019ja027729

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…This effect is smaller if an aurora is thinner in the altitude direction. As shown by Nanjo et al (2020), because PsAs are generally thinner than discrete auroras, patches of PsAs whose lengths are several tens of kilometers can be projected and resolved with similar accuracy to observations by ASIs.…”

Section: Validity Of B/g Ratio As Proxy For Energy Of Psa Electronmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Because the temporal variation of the ON-OFF switching of the main pulsation was a few to a few tens of seconds, these exposure durations and imaging intervals were sufficient for the periodicity analysis of the main pulsations of PsAs. To analyze the DSLR camera images as scientific data sets, we employed the mapping technique described by Nanjo et al (2020). The auroral emission altitude was assumed to be 100 km in the mapping process.…”

Section: Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To analyze the DSLR camera images as scientific data sets, we employed the mapping technique described by Nanjo et al. (2020). The auroral emission altitude was assumed to be 100 km in the mapping process.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanjo et al. (2020) developed a method for projecting images captured using DSLR cameras onboard the International Space Station (ISS) onto the geographic coordinate system using the calibration method developed by Hozumi et al. (2016) for imaging parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the color images are obtained with wide FOVs covering a variety of MLAT/MLT ranges, we can discuss the energy characteristics of auroral electrons in a wide region. Nanjo et al (2020) developed a method for projecting images captured using DSLR cameras onboard the International Space Station (ISS) onto the geographic coordinate system using the calibration method developed by Hozumi et al (2016) for imaging parameters. They also confirmed that the ON-OFF switching of PsAs can be captured using projected images from these DSLR cameras because most of the cameras have temporal resolutions less than 1 s. The camera fixed to the ISS sweeps a wide area (  E 5 h in the MLT direction) in a short time interval (  E 10 min) because of the short orbital period of the ISS (  E 90 min).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Periodicities and Colors of Pulsating Auroras: DSLR Camera Observations From the International Space Station

et al. 2021

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An aurora is an outstanding natural phenomenon in the Earth's upper atmosphere that emits colorful light when accelerated electrons precipitate from the magnetosphere into the ionosphere (e.g., Akasofu, 1965). Auroras have been classified into two broad categories: discrete and diffuse auroras. Discrete auroras emit bright light with distinct shapes such as arcs, curtains and curls. They sometimes appear in a wide altitude range, for example, from 90 to 300 km (Jones, 1971), which implies that electrons causing discrete auroras have a broad-band energy distribution. By contrast, diffuse-type auroras often show emissions only in a narrow range of altitudes, for example, from 80 to 110 km (Brown et al., 1976;Kataoka et al., 2013). Thus, the energies of electrons causing diffuse auroras tend to be higher than those producing discrete auroras. Such differences in the energies of incident electrons responsible for discrete/diffuse auroras often manifest in the colors of the auroras.Discrete/diffuse electron auroras almost always show a greenish color at 557.7 nm, which is an emission of excited atomic oxygens. This most prominent oxygen emission is caused by typical auroral electrons with characteristic energies of a few keV and seen at  E 110 km altitude. At higher altitudes above 200 km, the red-line emission of oxygen atoms at 630.0 nm is produced by the softer component of electron precipitation. Below the layer of the green-line emission, that is, near the bottom of auroral emission, e.g., below 100 km altitude, different emissions can be observed. Examples of these emissions include the first positive (1PG) band emission (650-700 nm: dark red) of nitrogen molecules ( 2 N E) and the first negative (1NG) band emission (390-470 nm: bluish) of nitrogen molecule ions (  2 N E) (Jones, 1971(Jones, , 1974. These emissions, often

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Section: Validity Of B/g Ratio As Proxy For Energy Of Psa Electronmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Periodicities and Colors of Pulsating Auroras: DSLR Camera Observations From the International Space Station

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Design of Smart Car Control System Based on Digital Camera

Xue

Zeng

Song

2020

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Manufacture

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Automatic Identification of Aurora Fold Structure in All-Sky Images

Wang

Fang

2023

Universe

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Identification of small-scale auroral structures is key to searching for auroral events. However, it is impracticable for humans to manually select sufficient aurora events for statistical analysis, and it is also challenging for computers because of the non-rigid shape and fluid nature of auroras. Fold structure is the most common type of auroral small-scale structure, and its appearance is indicative of a variety of auroral events. This paper proposes a small-scale aurora structure identification framework to automatically detect aurora fold structures. First, the location and shape of auroras are identified based on a deep learning segmentation network. Then, the skeleton of the auroral shape is extracted to represent the trajectories of auroras. Finally, the proposed skeleton-based fold identification module (SFIM) can detect the aurora fold structure. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we built an aurora fold structure sample dataset, namely F-dataset, containing 2000 images at 557.7 nm obtained by the all-sky imagers at Yellow River Station (YRS), Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. Experimental results show that automatic identification can achieve good consistency with human perception. Statistical analysis of over 30,000 images shows that the fold occurrence has a distinct double-peak distribution at pre-noon and post-noon.

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Fine‐Scale Visualization of Aurora in a Wide Area Using Color Digital Camera Images From the International Space Station

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Periodicities and Colors of Pulsating Auroras: DSLR Camera Observations From the International Space Station

Periodicities and Colors of Pulsating Auroras: DSLR Camera Observations From the International Space Station

Design of Smart Car Control System Based on Digital Camera

Automatic Identification of Aurora Fold Structure in All-Sky Images

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