Fine‐scale response to landscape structure in <i>Primula vulgaris</i> Huds.: does hedgerow network connectedness ensure connectivity through gene flow?

Campagne, Pascal; Affre, Laurence; Baumel, Alex; Roche, Philip; Tatoni, Thierry

doi:10.1007/s10144-008-0124-2

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Van Geert & F. Van Rossum, personal observations). Seed dispersal is often restricted to the site of the maternal plant; occasionally, however, seeds can be dispersed further because their elaiosome attracts ants and rodents who carry the seeds away from the mother plant (Valverde & Silvertown 1995; Campagne et al. 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do linear landscape elements in farmland act as biological corridors for pollen dispersal?

2009

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Summary1. Habitat fragmentation in agricultural landscapes has reduced the population sizes of many plant species while increasing their spatial isolation. Restoration or maintenance of the connectivity by gene flow between the fragmented patches may be determinant to sustaining viable populations, especially for insect-pollinated species. Functional biological corridors facilitating pollen flow between remnants in a human-dominated matrix might achieve this. 2. Dye dispersal was investigated for the extremely fragmented insect-pollinated herb Primula vulgaris, using fluorescent dye particles as pollen analogues, in a study site comprising 20 populations, of which 13 pairs were physically connected by a linear landscape elements (LLEs, ditches), and 11 pairs were not connected by an LLE. The dye deposition events were used to fit a model of pollen dispersal at the landscape level. We examined whether existing LLEs in the intensively used agricultural landscape act as functional corridors for pollen dispersal. The effects of LLE length and size and plant density of the recipient population on the dispersal patterns were tested. 3. Dye dispersal showed a leptokurtic decay distribution, with 80% of the dye transfers occurring at less than 85.1 m, and a maximal distance of 1010.8 m. The mean distance travelled by fluorescent dye particles based on the dye dispersal model was d = 87 m. 4. Dye dispersal between populations was found to be significantly higher when populations were connected by an LLE, than when populations were unconnected. For the group of population pairs connected by an LLE, dye deposition significantly decreased with the distance to dye source, but was not related to recipient population size and plant density. 5. Synthesis. Our study is, to our knowledge, the first to demonstrate that existing LLEs in an intensively used farmland may act as functional biological corridors facilitating pollen dispersal through pollinator movements. The maintenance or restoration of a network of populations connected by LLEs, but also by other landscape structures (e.g. population relays in vegetation patches and networks of small elements allowing indirect connections) should be strongly encouraged.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by restoration of gene flow between populations. As seed dispersal for P. vulgaris is mostly restricted to the site of the maternal plant (Valverde & Silvertown 1995; Campagne et al. 2009), pollen flow might be crucial to counteract the effects of past and ongoing habitat fragmentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do linear landscape elements in farmland act as biological corridors for pollen dispersal?

2009

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“…However, ants seem ineffective in dispersing seeds of Primula vulgaris over larger distances because ants harvest only a limited proportion of seeds (c. 20%; Valverde & Silvertown 1995) and they generally disperse seeds within no more than a few centimetres from the maternal plant (Keith‐Lucas 1968; Cahalan & Gliddon 1985). In a network of hedgerows in France, very small dispersal distances were recorded: median = 0.10 m in a dense hedgerow network and 0.25 m in a sparse network, with maximum recorded distances varying between 5.5 and 7.75 m (Campagne et al . 2009).…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula vulgaris Huds. (P. acaulis (L.) Hill)

et al. 2009

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Summary1. This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Primula vulgaris Huds. (Primrose) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles : distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characteristics, herbivores and disease, history and conservation. 2. Primula vulgaris is a native perennial herb with a very wide distribution in the British Isles. In many lowland areas it is essentially a plant of woodlands and hedgerows, although in the west it can occur abundantly in grasslands and other communities such as heaths. In northern and western Britain and Ireland, it may be frequent in open and even exposed habitats. Its distribution is linked with soil moisture and atmospheric humidity. It is shade tolerant, but it flowers most profusely in canopy gaps. 3. Primula vulgaris is a rosette hemicryptophyte that reproduces mainly through seeds. Vegetative spread is restricted and only occurs within very short distances from the mother plant through the production of lateral rosettes. Although individual rosettes may die, plants are relatively long-lived (life expectancy of a newborn individual: 48.3 years). The mean age at first flowering was 20 months. 4. Pollination is mainly by bumblebees and other bees, but other long-tongued pollinators including syrphids, bee-flies and even butterflies may be locally important. P. vulgaris is an obligate outbreeder, with two genetically determined self-incompatible morphs ('pin' and 'thrum'). A third morph ('homostyle' or 'long homostyle'), with a stigma like that of pin but anthers like that of thrum, has been found in Somerset and North Dorset. In years when pollinators are scarce, homostyles have higher reproductive success than pins and thrums, suggesting that reproductive assurance could have had a profound effect on the evolution of homostyly in P. vulgaris . 5. Seeds are dispersed by ants and rodents. Dispersal is usually restricted to a few centimetres or decimetres from maternal plants, resulting in significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure and small neighbourhood sizes. Pollen flow, on the other hand, is more extensive, but still limited to a few metres from paternal plants. 6. Populations of P. vulgaris have not changed markedly during the last century in most parts of Britain and Ireland and it is not threatened with extinction nationally. However, there is evidence †Correspondence author: E-mail: hans.jacquemyn@bio.kuleuven.be ‡Deceased *Nomenclature of vascular plants follows Stace (1997) and, for non-British species, Flora Europaea . that Primroses were formerly more widespread and have decreased with the decline of coppicing and pollarding. In East Anglia, woodland populations have declined greatly in response to a series of hot, dry summers since 1970. Small, isolated populations of P. vulgaris often show reduce...

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“…In the absence of such conduits, pollinators may avoid crossing inhospitable or unfamiliar habitats, restricting their movement through the landscape, therefore reducing pollen flow. However, a network of LLEs does not necessarily en-hance biological connectivity, and may even constitute barriers impeding pollinator movements in the landscape (Bhattacharya et al 2003, Campagne et al 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stepping-stone populations in linear landscape elements increase pollen dispersal between urban forest fragments

Rossum¹,

Triest²

2012

Plecevo

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Background and aims -Understanding how to ensure connectivity by gene flow between insect-pollinated plant populations is essential for designing functional ecological networks in a human-dominated matrix such as in urban settings. Linear landscape elements (LLEs) might contribute to such connectivity by increasing pollen transfer. Methods -Pollen dispersal was investigated for the insect-pollinated herb Primula elatior in urban forest remnants, using fluorescent dye as a pollen analogue, in three study sites comprising population pairs located in fragments connected or not by a wooded LLE. We examined whether the presence of a small patch of plants of P. elatior placed within the LLE (stepping-stone population) might increase pollen dispersal compared to an LLE where P. elatior is absent. Key results -Dye dispersal showed a leptokurtic decay distribution, with most dye transfer events at short distances (80% at less than 15.4-114.8 m) and a maximal distance of 647.5 m. Populations not connected by an LLE, separated by distances of 249 m or more, did not exchange dye, whereas populations that were connected by LLEs (up to 602 m) did show interpopulation dye transfer, suggesting that LLEs function as biological corridors facilitating dye dispersal. The presence of a stepping-stone population of P. elatior within the LLE increased between-population dye transfers (between 1.8 and 3.3 times the proportion of visited individuals) and deposition distances, compared to an LLE with no stepping stone, at least when pollen flow already existed. Conclusions -These results provide evidence that LLEs may be more effective for pollen dispersal when serving as both movement conduit and habitat. In urban settings, developing a network of core populations connected by LLEs comprising small, even temporary, stepping-stone populations should be encouraged.

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Fine‐scale response to landscape structure in Primula vulgaris Huds.: does hedgerow network connectedness ensure connectivity through gene flow?

Cited by 22 publications

References 65 publications

Do linear landscape elements in farmland act as biological corridors for pollen dispersal?

Do linear landscape elements in farmland act as biological corridors for pollen dispersal?

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula vulgaris Huds. (P. acaulis (L.) Hill)

Stepping-stone populations in linear landscape elements increase pollen dispersal between urban forest fragments

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