Fine-scale Microbial Communities Associated with Manganese Nodules in Deep-sea Sediment of the Korea Deep Ocean Study Area in the Northeast Equatorial Pacific

Cho, Hye‐Youn; Kim, Kyeong-Hong; Son, Seung Kyu; Hyun, Jung‐Ho

doi:10.1007/s12601-018-0032-0

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Polymetallic nodules in abyssal plains have microbial communities inside their crevices (Blöthe et al, 2015; Cho et al, 2018) and on their surfaces (Wang et al, 2009) that are different from the microbial community in adjacent sediments (Cho et al, 2018; Molari et al, 2020). Hence, for a proper assessment of the role of polymetallic nodules on abyssal carbon cycling, not only the impact of nodule-dependent fauna exclusion, but also the effect of nodule-dependent microorganism exclusion on carbon cycling should be assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of polymetallic-nodule dependent fauna on carbon cycling in the eastern Clarion-Clip-perton Fracture Zone (Pacific)

Stratmann

2022

Preprint

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The abyssal seafloor in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) in the central Pacific is covered with large densities of polymetallic nodules, i.e., metal concretions containing iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules are of economic interested and considered potential future resources for said metals, but they also host a variety of deep-sea fauna. In a recent study it was estimated that the removal of these nodules would lead to a loss of up to 18% of all taxa in the CCZ. Here, I assess the impact of removing these nodule-dependent taxa on carbon cycling at two sites (B4S03, B6S02) of the Belgian exploration license area in the eastern CCZ. For this purpose, I developed two highly-resolved carbon-based food web models with 72 (B6S02) to 77 (B4S03) food-web compartments consisting of different detritus pools, bacteria, metazoan meiobenthos, macrobenthic isopods, polychaetes and other macrobenthos, megabenthic cnidarians, crustaceans, poriferans, holothurians and other invertebrate megabenthos, and fish. These compartments were connected with 304 (B6S02) to 338 (B4S03) links which were reduced by 5-6% when nodule-dependent faunal compartments were removed. The models estimated the total system throughput T.., i.e., the sum of all carbon flows in the food webs, in intact food webs as 1.24 mmol C m-2 d-1 and 1.20 mmol C m-2 d-1 at B4S03 and B6S02, respectively, whereupon 67.7% (B4S03) to 69.8% (B6S02) of T.. flowed through the microbial loop. A removal of the nodule-dependent fauna did not affect this microbial loop, but reduced the scavenger loop by 54.6% (B6S02) to 84.1% (B4S03). Overall, nodule-dependent fauna is responsible for only a small fraction of total carbon cycling at the eastern CCZ. Therefore, when the effect of prospective deep-seabed mining on carbon cycling is investigated, its impact on benthic prokaryotes and the microbial loop should be addressed specifically.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of polymetallic-nodule dependent fauna on carbon cycling in the eastern Clarion-Clip-perton Fracture Zone (Pacific)

Stratmann

2022

Preprint

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“…Studies that have compared interior and exterior bacterial and archaeal communities have seen differences in relative abundance and to a lesser extent in presence/absence of OTUs or higher clades between layers (Tully and Heidelberg, 2013;Shiraishi et al, 2016), while another observed higher OTU richness in layers closer to the exterior than in those closer to the nodule nucleus (Jiang et al, 2020). Other studies have found evidence for intra-nodule spatial heterogeneity, with differences in the microbial communities within the hydrogenetic (facing and formed by precipitation from the seawater) vs. diagenetic (facing the sediment and formed by precipitation from the pore waters) portions of individual nodules (Blöthe et al, 2015;Cho et al, 2018). The available nodule-associated microbial samples are insufficient to tease apart these potential factors, with the additional complication that different datasets have variable metadata that further reduce our ability to draw ecological conclusions.…”

Section: Knowledge Gaps Concerning Microbial Biodiversity and Ecology In Nodule Regionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in Polymetallic Nodules, Sediments, and Bottom Waters of the Abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone: Emerging Patterns and Future Monitoring Considerations

et al. 2021

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Bacteria and archaea are key contributors to deep-sea biogeochemical cycles and food webs. The disruptions these microbial communities may experience during and following polymetallic nodule mining in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) of the North Pacific Ocean could therefore have broad ecological effects. Our goals in this synthesis are to characterize the current understanding of biodiversity and biogeography of bacteria and archaea in the CCZ and to identify gaps in the baseline data and sampling approaches, prior to the onset of mining in the region. This is part of a large effort to compile biogeographic patterns in the CCZ, and to assess the representivity of no-mining Areas of Particular Environmental Interest, across a range of taxa. Here, we review published studies and an additional new dataset focused on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon characterization of abyssal bacterial and archaeal communities, particularly focused on spatial patterns. Deep-sea habitats (nodules, sediments, and bottom seawater) each hosted significantly different microbial communities. An east-vs.-west CCZ regional distinction was present in nodule communities, although the magnitude was small and likely not detectable without a high-resolution analysis. Within habitats, spatial variability was driven by differences in relative abundances of taxa, rather than by abundant taxon turnover. Our results further support observations that nodules in the CCZ have distinct archaeal communities from those in more productive surrounding regions, with higher relative abundances of presumed chemolithoautotrophic Nitrosopumilaceae suggesting possible trophic effects of nodule removal. Collectively, these results indicate that bacteria and archaea in the CCZ display previously undetected, subtle, regional-scale biogeography. However, the currently available microbial community surveys are spatially limited and suffer from sampling and analytical differences that frequently confound inter-comparison; making definitive management decisions from such a limited dataset could be problematic. We suggest a number of future research priorities and sampling recommendations that may help to alleviate dataset incompatibilities and to address challenges posed by rapidly advancing DNA sequencing technology for monitoring bacterial and archaeal biodiversity in the CCZ. Most critically, we advocate for selection of a standardized 16S rRNA gene amplification approach for use in the anticipated large-scale, contractor-driven biodiversity monitoring in the region.

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“…Polymetallic nodules in abyssal plains have microbial communities inside their crevices (Blöthe et al, 2015;Cho et al, 2018) and on their surfaces (Wang et al, 2009) that are different from the microbial community in adjacent sediments (Cho et al, 2018;Molari et al, 2020). Hence, for a proper assessment of the role of polymetallic nodules on abyssal carbon cycling, not only the impact of nodule-dependent fauna exclusion, but also the effect of nodule-dependent microorganism exclusion on carbon cycling should be assessed.…”

Section: Model Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of polymetallic-nodule dependent fauna on carbon cycling in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Pacific)

Stratmann

2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The abyssal seafloor in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ) in the central Pacific is covered with large densities of polymetallic nodules, i.e., metal concretions containing iron, manganese, nickel, cobalt, and copper. Nodules are of economic importance for these metals, but they also host a variety of deep-sea fauna. In a recent study it was estimated that the removal of these nodules would lead to a loss of up to 18% of all taxa in the CCZ. Here, I assess the impact of removing these nodule-dependent taxa on carbon cycling at two sites (B4S03, B6S02) of the Belgian exploration license area in the eastern CCZ. For this purpose, I developed two highly resolved carbon-based food web models with 71 (B6S02) to 75 (B4S03) food-web compartments consisting of different detritus pools, bacteria, metazoan meiobenthos, macrobenthic isopods, polychaetes and other macrobenthos, megabenthic cnidarians, crustaceans, poriferans, holothurians and other invertebrate megabenthos, and fish. These compartments were connected with 303 (B6S02) to 336 (B4S03) links which were reduced by 5–9% when nodule-dependent faunal compartments were removed. The models estimated the “total system throughput” T.. i.e., the sum of all carbon flows in the food webs, in intact food webs as 1.18 mmol C m-2 d-1 and 1.20 mmol C m-2 d-1 at B4S03 and B6S02, respectively, whereby 69.8% (B6S02) to 71.2% (B4S03) of T.. flowed through the microbial loop. A removal of the nodule-dependent fauna did not affect this microbial loop but reduced the scavenger loop by 56.5% (B6S02) to 71.6% (B4S03). Overall, nodule-dependent fauna is responsible for only a small fraction of total carbon cycling at the eastern CCZ. Therefore, when the effect of prospective deep-seabed mining on carbon cycling is investigated, its impact on benthic prokaryotes and the microbial loop should be addressed specifically.

show abstract

Fine-scale Microbial Communities Associated with Manganese Nodules in Deep-sea Sediment of the Korea Deep Ocean Study Area in the Northeast Equatorial Pacific

Cited by 14 publications

References 56 publications

Role of polymetallic-nodule dependent fauna on carbon cycling in the eastern Clarion-Clip-perton Fracture Zone (Pacific)

Role of polymetallic-nodule dependent fauna on carbon cycling in the eastern Clarion-Clip-perton Fracture Zone (Pacific)

Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in Polymetallic Nodules, Sediments, and Bottom Waters of the Abyssal Clarion-Clipperton Zone: Emerging Patterns and Future Monitoring Considerations

Role of polymetallic-nodule dependent fauna on carbon cycling in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (Pacific)

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