Fine-scale heterogeneity in <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> force of infection measured through antibody response

Arnold, Benjamin F.; Kanyi, Henry; Njenga, Sammy M.; Rawago, Fredrick; Priest, Jeffrey W.; Secor, W. Evan; Lammie, Patrick J.; Won, Kimberly Y.; Odiere, Maurice R.

doi:10.1101/2020.04.10.20061101

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In this region, the prevalence of P. falciparum infections in children is over 40% [21], and S. mansoni is the most prevalent schistosomiasis infection, with a recent study reporting prevalence > 90% in children using a point-of-care test for urinary circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) [22]. Further, in a seroprevalence study, the majority of S. mansoni infections (94%) were present in communities < 1.5 km from the lake [23]. Malarial and schistosomiasis infection studies have mostly focused in children because they are more vulnerable and likely to be symptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical implications of asymptomatic malaria and schistosomiasis co-infections in a rural community in western Kenya

et al. 2021

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Background Malaria and schistosomiasis present considerable disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical areas and severity is worsened by co-infections in areas where both diseases are endemic. Although pathogenesis of these infections separately is well studied, there is limited information on the pathogenic disease mechanisms and clinical disease outcomes in co-infections. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of malaria and schistosomiasis co-infections, and the hematologic and blood chemistry abnormalities in asymptomatic adults in a rural fishing community in western Kenya. Methods This sub-study used samples and data collected at enrollment from a prospective observational cohort study (RV393) conducted in Kisumu County, Kenya. The presence of malaria parasites was determined using microscopy and real-time-PCR, and schistosomiasis infection by urine antigen analysis (CCA). Hematological analysis and blood chemistries were performed using standard methods. Statistical analyses were performed to compare demographic and infection data distribution, and hematologic and blood chemistry parameters based on different groups of infection categories. Clinically relevant hematologic conditions were analyzed using general linear and multivariable Poisson regression models. Results From February 2017 to May 2018, we enrolled 671 participants. The prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum was 28.2% (157/556) and schistosomiasis 41.2% (229/562), with 18.0% (100/556) of participants co-infected. When we analyzed hematological parameters using Wilcoxon rank sum test to evaluate median (IQR) distribution based on malarial parasites and/or schistosomiasis infection status, there were significant differences in platelet counts (p = 0.0002), percent neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils (p < 0.0001 each). Amongst clinically relevant hematological abnormalities, eosinophilia was the most prevalent at 20.6% (116/562), whereas thrombocytopenia was the least prevalent at 4.3% (24/562). In univariate model, Chi-Square test performed for independence between participant distribution in different malaria parasitemia/schistosomiasis infection categories within each clinical hematological condition revealed significant differences for thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia (p = 0.006 and p < 0.0001, respectively), which was confirmed in multivariable models. Analysis of the pairwise mean differences of liver enzyme (ALT) and kidney function (Creatinine Clearance) indicated the presence of significant differences in ALT across the infection groups (parasite + /CCA + vs all other groups p < .003), but no differences in mean Creatinine Clearance across the infection groups. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the high burden of asymptomatic malaria parasitemia and schistosomiasis infection in this rural population in Western Kenya. Asymptomatic infection with malaria or schistosomiasis was associated with laboratory abnormalities including neutropenia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. These abnormalities could be erroneously attributed to other diseases processes during evaluation of diseases processes. Therefore, evaluating for co-infections is key when assessing individuals with laboratory abnormalities. Additionally, asymptomatic infection needs to be considered in control and elimination programs given high prevalence documented here.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and clinical implications of asymptomatic malaria and schistosomiasis co-infections in a rural community in western Kenya

et al. 2021

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“…Seroprevalence surveys have been used to estimate past trends in exposure in the context of Chagas disease [9], dengue [10][11][12][13], malaria [14], schistosomiasis [15] and yellow fever [16]. Provided enough surveys are available, predictive models can be used to estimate spatio-temporal trends in exposure for Chagas disease [17] and other infections [10,11,16,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From serological surveys to disease burden: a modelling pipeline for Chagas disease

Ledien,

Cucunubá,

Parra-Henao

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) set the elimination of Chagas disease intradomiciliary vectorial transmission as a goal by 2020. After a decade, some progress has been made, but the new 2021–2030 WHO roadmap has set even more ambitious targets. Innovative and robust modelling methods are required to monitor progress towards these goals. We present a modelling pipeline using local seroprevalence data to obtain national disease burden estimates by disease stage. Firstly, local seroprevalence information is used to estimate spatio-temporal trends in the Force-of-Infection (FoI). FoI estimates are then used to predict such trends across larger and fine-scale geographical areas. Finally, predicted FoI values are used to estimate disease burden based on a disease progression model. Using Colombia as a case study, we estimated that the number of infected people would reach 506 000 (95% credible interval (CrI) = 395 000–648 000) in 2020 with a 1.0% (95%CrI = 0.8–1.3%) prevalence in the general population and 2400 (95%CrI = 1900–3400) deaths (approx. 0.5% of those infected). The interplay between a decrease in infection exposure (FoI and relative proportion of acute cases) was overcompensated by a large increase in population size and gradual population ageing, leading to an increase in the absolute number of Chagas disease cases over time. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs’.

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Fine-scale heterogeneity in Schistosoma mansoni force of infection measured through antibody response

Cited by 2 publications

References 43 publications

Epidemiological and clinical implications of asymptomatic malaria and schistosomiasis co-infections in a rural community in western Kenya

Epidemiological and clinical implications of asymptomatic malaria and schistosomiasis co-infections in a rural community in western Kenya

From serological surveys to disease burden: a modelling pipeline for Chagas disease

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