Fine Root Turnover

Lukáč, Martin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22067-8_18

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The comparisons of three methods (sequential soil coring, ingrowth methods, and minirhizotrons) for estimating forest fine root production and turnover revealed that the measured results were similar [1,24]. With sequential coring methods, there were also three methods to calculate production and turnover (decision matrix, the max-min, compartment) and previous results showed that the decision matrix method could represent best the actual value [25].…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They are responsible for nutrient and water acquisition from soil and it is widely recognized that fine roots play a significant role in the carbon and biogeochemical cycle in forest ecosystems [1]. It has been estimated that approximately one third of annual net primary productivity was consumed in fine roots due to the rapid growth and turnover rate [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Despite the great importance of fine roots, which are referred to as roots smaller than 2 mm in diameter, in terms of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems, how fine root biomass, production, and turnover rate change with stand development remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the variations of fine root biomass, production, and morphology of trees and understory vegetation in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) plantations at the ages of 7 years old, 17 years old and 25 years old in southern China, representing the sapling, pole and mature stage, respectively. Fine roots of trees and understory vegetation were sampled with sequential coring method to a depth of 60 cm and sliced into 4 layers (0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm). Fine root biomass and necromass were highest in the pole stages among these three different aged Chinese fir plantations, although the significant differences were only detected for fine root necromass between 25-year-old and 7-year-old plantations. Fine root biomass of Chinese fir was heterogeneous in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Seasonal variation of fine root biomass in three age groups showed a similar pattern that the standing fine root biomass reached a peak in January and fell to the lowest in July. Vertically, the fine root biomass decreased with the increase of soil depth, but this extinction rate decreased with stand development. The effects of stand age on either total fine root length and surface area, or specific root length were not significant. However, the root tissue density increased significantly with Chinese fir stand ages, which suggested that the fine roots on Chinese fir may resort more to the mycorrhizal associations for the nutrient and water acquisition in the later stage of Chinese fir plantations. In addition to the stand age effect, the fine roots exhibited highly spatial and temporal variations in Chinese plantations, indicating different root foraging strategies for soil nutrient and water acquisition. Therefore, the fine root research not only helps to understand its role in carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystem under global climate change, but can also improve our understanding of nutrient management in forest ecosystem. At the same time, the research on the productivity of the Chinese fir growth stage provides guiding significance for the construction and management of Chinese fir.

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China

et al. 2018

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“…Contrary to aboveground litterfall, the flux of root litter has eluded quantification, partly because roots – the ‘hidden half’ of the terrestrial biosphere – are more difficult to observe and study. In addition, different techniques used to quantify fine‐root turnover – ranging from 13 C labeling, tracing the 14 C bomb peak, sequential soil coring and ingrowth cores to root cameras (minirhizotrons) – have yielded widely contradictory estimates of root turnover (Trumbore & Gaudinski, ; Pritchard & Strand, ; Strand et al ., ; Lukac, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconcilable differences: a joint calibration of fine‐root turnover times with radiocarbon and minirhizotrons

et al. 2014

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SummaryWe used bomb-radiocarbon and raw minirhizotron lifetimes of fine roots (< 0.5 mm in diameter) in the organic layer of Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in southern Sweden to test if different models are able to reconcile the apparently contradicting turnover time estimates from both techniques.We present a framework based on survival functions that is able to jointly model bombradiocarbon and minirhizotron data. At the same time we integrate prior knowledge about biases of both techniques -the classification of dead roots in minirhizotrons and the use of carbon reserves to grow new roots.Two-pool models, either in parallel or in serial setting, were able to reconcile the bombradiocarbon and minirhizotron data. These models yielded a mean residence time of 3.80 AE 0.16 yr (mean AE SD). On average 60 AE 2% of fine roots turned over within 0.75 AE 0.10 yr, while the rest was turning over within 8.4 AE 0.2 yr. Bomb-radiocarbon and minirhizotron data alone give a biased estimate of fine-root turnover.The two-pool models allow a mechanistic interpretation for the coexistence of fast-and slow-cycling roots -suberization and branching for the serial-two-pool model and branching due to ectomycorrhizal fungi-root interactions for the parallel-two-pool model.

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“…By separating fine roots into a shorterlived absorptive pool and a longer-lived transport pool, McCormack et al (2015) showed that fine root functionality can alter estimates of global net primary productivity by 30%. This work highlights our still-limited understanding of fine root functionality, the mechanisms underlying their lifespan and turnover, and how those traits respond to abiotic stress (Lukac, 2012;Tierney and Fahey, 2002;Guo et al, 2008). Fine root mortality during drought has been linked to increased root respiration and inhibited photosynthate transport to roots (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanical Failure of Fine Root Cortical Cells Initiates Plant Hydraulic Decline during Drought

et al. 2016

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Root systems perform the crucial task of absorbing water from the soil to meet the demands of a transpiring canopy. Roots are thought to operate like electrical fuses, which break when carrying an excessive load under conditions of drought stress. Yet the exact site and sequence of this dysfunction in roots remain elusive. Using in vivo x-ray computed microtomography, we found that drought-induced mechanical failure (i.e. lacunae formation) in fine root cortical cells is the initial and primary driver of reduced fine root hydraulic conductivity (Lp r ) under mild to moderate drought stress. Cortical lacunae started forming under mild drought stress (20.6 MPa C stem ), coincided with a dramatic reduction in Lp r , and preceded root shrinkage or significant xylem embolism. Only under increased drought stress was embolism formation observed in the root xylem, and it appeared first in the fine roots (50% loss of hydraulic conductivity [P 50 ] reached at 21.8 MPa) and then in older, coarse roots (P 50 = 23.5 MPa). These results suggest that cortical cells in fine roots function like hydraulic fuses that decouple plants from drying soil, thus preserving the hydraulic integrity of the plant's vascular system under early stages of drought stress. Cortical lacunae formation led to permanent structural damage of the root cortex and nonrecoverable Lp r , pointing to a role in fine root mortality and turnover under drought stress.

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Fine Root Turnover

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China

Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China

Reconcilable differences: a joint calibration of fine‐root turnover times with radiocarbon and minirhizotrons

Mechanical Failure of Fine Root Cortical Cells Initiates Plant Hydraulic Decline during Drought

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