Fine particulate matter and the risk of autism spectrum disorder

Talbott, Evelyn O.; Arena, Vincent C.; Rager, Judith R.; Clougherty, Jane E.; Michanowicz, Drew R.; Sharma, Ravi; Stacy, Shaina L.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2015.04.021

Cited by 116 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…20 found a negative association (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5–1.0). Similarly, positive 21, 22 , negative 23, 24 , and null 25–28 associations have been observed in United States study populations. Three meta-analyses have also been conducted, each finding no evidence for a significant association between maternal smoking and ASD risk in offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The 22 studies analyzed include seven cohort studies 19, 23, 39, 40, 43–45 and fifteen case-control studies 17, 18, 20–22, 24–28, 32, 37, 38, 41, 42 , with a total of 795,632 cases and 1,829,256 control participants. Nine studies 17–20, 37, 38, 41, 42, 45 were from Europe (Denmark, Sweden, Finland, The Netherlands, and Poland), twelve studies 21–28, 39, 40, 43, 44 were from North America (Canada and U.S.) and one study 32 was from Asia (China).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the studies had moderate methodological quality as scored on a conservatively-interpreted NOS, with an average score of 6.5 and a range of 4–9. Based on thirds of the range of scores, four studies were considered “high” quality with NOS scores of 8 or 9 17, 22, 25, 37 , ten studies were considered “medium” quality with NOS scores of 6 or 7 18, 21, 23, 26, 38–40, 42, 44, 45 , and eight studies were considered “low” quality with NOS scores of 4 to 5.5 19, 20, 24, 27, 28, 32, 41, 43 (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2).

Figure 2Distribution of studies used in the meta-analysis by ( a ) study quality, as assessed on the NOS by two independent raters with high correlation ( r (20) = 0.81, p < 0.00001), and by ( b ) funnel plot, to diagnose publication bias. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, two studies 22, 32 supporting an association between maternal smoking and ASD risk have been published after the most recent meta-analysis. One of the two studies 32 is the first to report extractable data regarding maternal smoking and ASD in an Asian population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators

Jung

Lee

McKee

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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While exposure to nicotine during developmental periods can significantly affect brain development, studies examining the association between maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring have produced conflicting findings, and prior meta-analyses have found no significant association. Our meta-analysis used a novel approach of investigating population-level smoking metrics as moderators. The main meta-analysis, with 22 observational studies comprising 795,632 cases and 1,829,256 control participants, used a random-effects model to find no significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ASD in offspring (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.97–1.40). However, meta-regression analyses with moderators were significant when we matched pooled ORs with adult male smoking prevalence (z = 2.55, p = 0.01) in each country, using World Health Organization data. Our study shows that using population-level smoking metrics uncovers significant relationships between maternal smoking and ASD risk. Correlational analyses show that male smoking prevalence approximates secondhand smoke exposure. While we cannot exclude the possibility that our findings reflect the role of paternal or postnatal nicotine exposure, as opposed to maternal or in utero nicotine exposure, this study underlines the importance of investigating paternal and secondhand smoking in addition to maternal smoking in ASD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators

Jung

Lee

McKee

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Another study observed an increased odds of ASD in relation to perinatal exposure to diesel particulate, lead, manganese and nickel (35). Four other studies assessed pre-and postnatal exposure to NO 2 , PM 2.5 , and PM 10 and associations with ASD were reported in all of them (36 -39), particularly for PM 2.5 (37)(38)(39). An increased odds of ASD diagnosis was reported in Jung et al in relation to postnatal exposure to CO, NO 2 , O 3 , and SO 2 (40).…”

Section: Autism Spectrum Disorder (Asd)mentioning

confidence: 93%

Air Pollution and Neuropsychological Development: A Review of the Latest Evidence

et al. 2015

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For the last decade, literature on the detrimental impacts of air pollution on brain, cognition and behavior has exponentially increased. Our aim is to review the latest epidemiologic literature on the association between outdoor air pollution and neuropsychological developmental in children. Two independent researchers searched for published studies between January 1, 2012 and June 12, 2015 in MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Science direct using defined keywords on outdoor air pollution and neuropsychological development. Selection of articles was based on study eligibility criteria. We encountered sufficient evidence of detrimental effects of pre- or postnatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on global intelligence quotient. The evidence was also sufficient for the association between pre- or postnatal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and autism spectrum disorder, and limited evidence was encountered between nitrogen oxides and autism spectrum disorder. For other exposure-outcome associations reviewed, the evidence was inadequate or insufficient. Although evidence is not yet conclusive and further research is needed, the latest epidemiological studies support the hypothesis that pre- or postnatal exposure to ambient pollution, particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM2.5, and nitrogen oxides has a negative impact on the neuropsychological development of children. The public health impact of air pollutants cannot be ignored and the precautionary principle should be applied to protect children.

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Association of Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution With Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2019

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IMPORTANCEThe etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is poorly understood, but prior studies suggest associations with airborne pollutants.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prenatal exposures to airborne pollutants and ASD in a large population-based cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis population-based cohort encompassed nearly all births in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 2004 through 2009, with follow-up through 2014. Children were diagnosed with ASD using a standardized assessment with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Monthly mean exposures to particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) at the maternal residence during pregnancy were estimated with temporally adjusted, high-resolution land use regression models. The association between prenatal air pollution exposures and the odds of developing ASD was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for child sex, birth month, birth year, maternal age, maternal birthplace, and neighborhood-level urbanicity and income band. Data analysis occurred from June 2016 to May 2018.EXPOSURES Mean monthly concentrations of ambient PM 2.5 , NO, and NO 2 at the maternal residence during pregnancy, calculated retrospectively using temporally adjusted, high-resolution land use regression models. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESAutism spectrum disorder diagnoses based on standardized assessment of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The hypothesis being tested was formulated during data collection. RESULTSIn a cohort of 132 256 births, 1307 children (1.0%) were diagnosed with ASD by the age of 5 years. The final sample size for the PM 2.5 -adjusted model was 129 439 children, and for NO and NO 2 , it was 129 436 children; of these, 1276 (1.0%) were diagnosed with ASD. Adjusted odds ratios for ASD per interquartile range (IQR) were not significant for exposure to PM 2.5 during pregnancy (1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.10] per 1.5 μg/m 3 increase [IQR] in PM 2.5 ) or NO 2 (1.06 [95% CI, 0.99-1.12] per 4.8 ppb [IQR] increase in NO 2 ) but the odds ratio was significant for NO (1.07 [95% CI, 1.01-1.13] per 10.7 ppb [IQR] increase in NO). Odds ratios for male children were 1.04 (95% CI, 0.98-1.10) for PM 2.5 ; 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02-1.15) for NO; and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00-1.13) for NO 2 . For female children, they were for 1.03 (95% CI, 0.90-1.18) for PM 2.5 ; 0.98 (95% CI, 0.83-1.13) for NO; and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.86-1.16) for NO 2 .CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a population-based birth cohort, we detected an association between exposure to NO and ASD but no significant association with PM 2.5 and NO 2 .

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Fine particulate matter and the risk of autism spectrum disorder

Cited by 116 publications

References 10 publications

Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators

Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators

Air Pollution and Neuropsychological Development: A Review of the Latest Evidence

Association of Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution With Autism Spectrum Disorder

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