Fine particulate matter and cardiovascular disease: Comparison of assessment methods for long-term exposure

Abstract

Background Adverse cardiovascular events have been linked with PM2.5 exposure obtained primarily from air quality monitors, which rarely co-locate with participant residences. Modeled PM2.5 predictions at finer resolution may more accurately predict residential exposure; however few studies have compared results across different exposure assessment methods. Methods We utilized a cohort of 5679 patients who had undergone a cardiac catheterization between 2002–2009 and resided in NC. Exposure to PM2.5 for the year prior to catheterization was estimated using data from air quality monitors (AQS), Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) fused models at the census tract and 12km spatial resolutions, and satellite-based models at 10km and 1km resolutions. Case status was either a coronary artery disease (CAD) index >23 or a recent myocardial infarction (MI). Logistic regression was used to model odds of having CAD or an MI with each 1-unit (µg/m3) increase in PM2.5, adjusting for sex, race, smoking status, socioeconomic status, and urban/rural status. Results We found that the elevated odds for CAD>23 and MI were nearly equivalent for all exposure assessment methods. One difference was that data from AQS and the census tract CMAQ showed a rural/urban difference in relative risk, which was not apparent with the satellite or 12km-CMAQ models. Conclusions Long-term air pollution exposure was associated with coronary artery disease for both modeled and monitored data.

Harmful impact of air pollution on severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: particulate matter is hazardous

“… 30 These abnormal inflammatory responses and signaling pathways are related to a variety of diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, embolism, and cancer. 31 – 33 Furthermore, when PM is absorbed into the body it can produce oxidative stress. 34 PM directly increases reactive oxygen species, which cause DNA damage.…”

The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Related Mortality in Northern Italy

“…Another pathway is the increase in susceptibility to COVID-19 mortality caused by long term exposure to PM. Fine PM is already known to affect cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality (Cakmak et al 2018 ; Jeong et al 2017 ; McGuinn et al 2017 ; Yin et al 2017 ). Moreover, among 1596 Italian COVID-19 patients who died in the hospitals, and for whom it was possible to analyze clinic charts, data showed substantial comorbidities including ischemic heart disease (27.9%); atrial fibrillation (22.4%); heart failure (15.6%); stroke (10.9%); hypertension (70.6%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (17.9%) (Istituto Superiore di Sanità 2020 ).…”

Comparison of multiple PM2.5 exposure products for estimating health benefits of emission controls over New York State, USA

“…Jerrett et al (2017) find a robust association of PM 2.5 with cardiovascular diseases using multiple PM 2.5 products, but the derived relative risk factor varies. A comparative study by McGuinn et al (2017) over North Carolina finds the urban-rural difference in the relative risk varies with exposure assessment methods. However, objective assessment of the exposure models has long been challenging, mostly due to the lack of externally valid observations (Jerrett et al 2017).…”