Fine particle emission factors from vehicles in a highway tunnel: Effects of fleet composition and season

Grieshop, Andrew P.; Lipsky, Eric M.; Pekney, Natalie J.; Takahama, Satoshi; Robinson, Allen L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.03.064

Cited by 155 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In any case, there were apparent differences observed between winter and summer concentrations, with the summer concentrations being slightly higher and more spatial uniform for each tracer (Table 1). Other markers of traffic, or more specifically, combustion of gasoline or diesel fuel, were marked by Barium (Ba), BC, and bromine (Br) (Huang et al, 1994;Harrison et al, 2003;Grieshop et al, 2006;Han et al, 2006), and these components were also used as markers of traffic, as shown in Figure 2. A secondary source of Br has been linked to sea spray (von Glasow et al, 2002), though the spatial pattern Br is not consistent with that of Cl, another component linked to sea spray (Peltier and Lippmann, 2011).…”

Section: Tracers Of Regional Road Dust and Traffic In The Nyc Residenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and seasonal distribution of aerosol chemical components in New York City: (2) Road dust and other tracers of traffic-generated air pollution

Peltier

Cromar

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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We describe spatial and temporal patterns of seven chemical elements commonly observed in fine particulate matter (PM) and thought to be linked to roadway emissions that were measured at residential locations in New York City (NYC). These elements, that is, Si, Al, Ti, Fe, Ba, Br, and black carbon (BC), were found to have significant spatial and temporal variability at our 10 residential PM 2.5 sampling locations. We also describe pilot study data of near-roadway samples of both PM 10À2.5 and PM 2.5 chemical elements of roadway emissions. PM 2.5 element concentrations collected on the George Washington Bridge (GWB) connecting NYC and New Jersey were higher that similar elemental concentration measured at residential locations. Coarseparticle elements (within PM 10À2.5 ) on the GWB were 10-100 times higher in concentration than their PM 2.5 counterparts. Roadway elements were well correlated with one another in both the PM 2.5 and PM 10À2.5 fractions, suggesting common sources. The same elements in the PM 2.5 collected at residential locations were less correlated, suggesting either different sources or different processing mechanisms for each element. Despite the fact that these elements are only a fraction of total PM 2.5 or PM 10À2.5 mass, the results have important implications for near-roadway exposures where elements with known causal links to health effects are shown to be at elevated concentrations in both the PM 2.5 and PM 10À2.5 size ranges.

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Section: Tracers Of Regional Road Dust and Traffic In The Nyc Residenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and seasonal distribution of aerosol chemical components in New York City: (2) Road dust and other tracers of traffic-generated air pollution

Peltier

Cromar

et al. 2011

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Global estimates of annual anthropogenic BC emissions vary by ×2 (Bond et al, 2013); national annual BC emissions in Asian countries and regions have uncertainties from ×2 to ×5 (Streets et al, 2003). In North America, including in California, uncertainties still persist in terms of characterizing the magnitude of emissions in a particular year, seasonal variability, and long-term trends in activity and control strategies (Grieshop et al, 2006;McDonald et al, 2015). Bond et al (2013) cite several inventories of annual US non-BB BC sources, which are between 260 and 440 Gg yr − 1, yielding a maximum to minimum ratio of 1.7.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Guerrette

Henze

2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Biomass burning emissions of atmospheric aerosols, including black carbon, are growing due to increased global drought, and comprise a large source of uncertainty in regional climate and air quality studies. We develop and apply new incremental four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) capabilities in WRFDA-Chem to find optimal spatially and temporally distributed biomass burning (BB) and anthropogenic black carbon (BC) aerosol emissions. The constraints are provided by aircraft BC concentrations from the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites in collaboration with the California Air Resources Board (ARCTAS-CARB) field campaign and surface BC concentrations from the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual Environment (IMPROVE) network on 22, 23, and 24 June 2008. We consider three BB inventories, including Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) v1.0 and v1.5 and Quick Fire Emissions Database (QFED) v2.4r8. On 22 June, aircraft observations are able to reduce the spread between a customized QFED inventory and FINNv1.0 from a factor of 3.5 (×3.5) to only ×2.1. On 23 and 24 June, the spread is reduced from ×3.4 to ×1.4. The posterior corrections to emissions are heterogeneous in time and space, and exhibit similar spatial patterns of sign for both inventories. The posterior diurnal BB patterns indicate that multiple daily emission peaks might be warranted in specific regions of California. The US EPA's 2005 National Emissions Inventory (NEI05) is used as the anthropogenic prior. On 23 and 24 June, the coastal California posterior is reduced by ×2, where highway sources dominate, while inland sources are increased near Barstow by ×5. Relative BB emission variances are reduced from the prior by up to 35 % in grid cells close to aircraft flight paths and by up to 60 % for fires near surface measurements. Anthropogenic variance reduction is as high as 40 % and is similarly limited to sources close to observations. We find that the 22 June aircraft observations are able to constrain approximately 14 degrees of freedom of signal (DOF), while surface and aircraft observations together on 23/24 June constrain 23 DOF. Improving hourly-to daily-scale concentration predictions of BC and other aerosols during BB events will require more comprehensive and/or targeted measurements and a more complete accounting of sources of error besides the emissions.

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“…Fe, Mo, K, Ti, Mg, Ba, Rb, and Br are also detected. Elements such as Si, Ca, Al, Fe, and Mg have been identified as well by Kristensson et al (2004), Grieshop et al (2006), and Handler et al (2008). Kristensson et al (2004) have also identified the presence of Cl, S, and K in particulate matter, but no information about Na was mentioned by these authors, whereas the PM 2.5 particulate sampling was conducted in winter.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ti is used in the paint for road markings (Handler et al, 2008) or connected to the brake wear (Garg et al, 2000). Mo is used as a component of automotive catalyst and as an antifriction additive in lubricating oil (Grieshop et al, 2006). Rb source can be associated with the degradation of catalytic converters (Lough et al, 2005).…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The road tunnel studies are used to define an average vehicle exhaust profile representative of overall flow in circulation, with little interference with other sources such as urban heating or industrial activities. The chemical composition of primary particles from tailpipe emissions (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) has prompted many studies that focused on different topics such as inorganic and (or) trace metallic speciation (Kristensson et al, 2004;Grieshop et al, 2006;Landis et al, 2007;Handler et al, 2008), water-soluble species (Laschober et al, 2004;Chiang and YaoSheng, 2009), metallic emissions (Sternbeck et al, 2002;Chellam et al, 2005), and organic speciation (Fraser et al, 1999;Song et al, 2005;Chellam et al, 2005;He et al, 2006). Very few studies concerning the chemical characterization of particles or aerosols under tunnel (Haddad et al, 2009) or in urban area (Roth et al, 2008) were conducted in France.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transverse approach between tunnel environment and corrosion: Particulate matter in the Grand Mare tunnel

Ameur-Boudabbous

Kasperek

Barbier

et al. 2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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A tunnel-type semi-enclosed atmosphere is characterized by a higher particulate pollution than urban zones and highlights the particulate species having an impact on material degradation. Therefore, a transverse approach between air composition and its consequences upon longevity of materials is necessary, requiring a better knowledge of tunnel atmosphere and a better understanding of material degradation inside a tunnel for operating administration. The characterization of particulate matter collected inside a road tunnel in Rouen (France) allows us to set up the features of the particle characteristics of the real conditions of field exposure. Two sampling campaigns include analyses of organic and water-soluble ionic fractions. The current work shows that organic species, grouped into two sets derived primarily from engine exhaust and debris with wear particles resuspended by the traffic, are divided into two groups: a majority comprising n-alkanes, alkanoic acids, phthalates, ketones, and benzothiazole and a minority one composed of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), furans, phenols, and alkenes. As regards the water-soluble ionic fraction, the ionic species such as Cl, and Na þ are involved in the degradation process. The inorganic particles (insoluble and slightly soluble), debris and wear particles, organic acids, and relative humidity play a key role and are important factors to consider in the degradation process.Implications: Particles, together with relative humidity, can play an important role in the degradation of materials inside a road tunnel. Depth knowledge of the environment prevailing inside a tunnel improves the criteria for selection of materials of equipments contained therein. In the present study, it appears that the particulate mass can be divided into two groups with distinct effects: a water-soluble particle group is the source of ionic species involved in the degradation process, and a slightly water-soluble or insoluble particle group that acts as reservoir of condensed water when covering the surface of the material.

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Fine particle emission factors from vehicles in a highway tunnel: Effects of fleet composition and season

Cited by 155 publications

References 39 publications

Spatial and seasonal distribution of aerosol chemical components in New York City: (2) Road dust and other tracers of traffic-generated air pollution

Spatial and seasonal distribution of aerosol chemical components in New York City: (2) Road dust and other tracers of traffic-generated air pollution

Four-dimensional variational inversion of black carbon emissions during ARCTAS-CARB with WRFDA-Chem

Transverse approach between tunnel environment and corrosion: Particulate matter in the Grand Mare tunnel

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