Fine particle and organic vapor emissions from staged tests of an in-use aircraft engine

Presto, Albert A.; Nguyen, Ngoc; Ranjan, Manish; Reeder, Aaron; Lipsky, Eric M.; Hennigan, Christopher J.; Miracolo, Marissa A.; Riemer, D. D.; Robinson, Allen L.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.03.061

Cited by 71 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…POA dominates the total aerosol at low engine loads, corresponding to idle and taxiing operation Presto et al, 2011;Timko et al, 2010). However, recent experiments show that secondary aerosol dominates the total aerosol loading over all thrust conditions.…”

Section: Source Emission Measurements Of Poa and Soamentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Although source-based measurements have traditionally investigated only the primary fraction, recent studies have used in situ oxidation techniques to simulate atmospheric aging. Methods include the introduction of source emissions into a smog chamber (Chirico et al, 2010;Grieshop et al, 2009;Heringa et al, 2011), the development of mobile oxidation techniques (mobile smog chambers and flow tube systems) (Kang et al, 2007;Platt et al, 2013;Presto et al, 2011) and the analysis of plume evolution in ambient air (e.g. Cubison et al, 2011;DeCarlo et al, 2010;Yokelson et al, 2009) A consistent feature in these emissions studies is the dominance of secondary aerosol (particularly SOA) for systems and conditions having the highest emission factors.…”

Section: Source Emission Measurements Of Poa and Soamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The literature on atmospheric particulate matter (PM), or atmospheric aerosol, has increased enormously over the last 2 decades and amounts now to some 1500-2000 papers per year in the refereed literature. This is in part due to the enormous advances in measurement technologies, which have allowed for an increasingly accurate understanding of the chemical composition and of the physical properties of atmospheric particles and of their processes in the atmosphere. The growing scientific interest in atmospheric aerosol particles is due to their high importance for environmental policy. In fact, particulate matter constitutes one of the most challenging problems both for air quality and for climate change policies. In this context, this paper reviews the most recent results within the atmospheric aerosol sciences and the policy needs, which have driven much of the increase in monitoring and mechanistic research over the last 2 decades.The synthesis reveals many new processes and developments in the science underpinning climate-aerosol interactions and effects of PM on human health and the environment. However, while airborne particulate matter is responsible for globally important influences on premature human mortality, we still do not know the relative importance of the different chemical components of PM for these effects. Likewise, the magnitude of the overall effects of PM on climate remains highly uncertain. Despite the uncertainty there are many things that could be done to mitigate local and global problems of atmospheric PM. Recent analyses have shown that reducing black carbon (BC) emissions, using known control measures, would reduce global warming and delay the time when anthropogenic effects on global temperature would exceed 2 • C. Likewise, cost-effective control measures on ammonia, an important agricultural precursor gas for secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), would reduce regional eutrophication and PM concentrations in large areas of Europe, China and the USA. Thus, there is much that could be done to reduce the effects of atmospheric PM on the climate and the health of the environment and the human population.A prioritized list of actions to mitigate the full range of effects of PM is currently undeliverable due to shortcomings in the knowledge of aerosol science; among the shortcomings, the roles of PM in global climate and the relative roles of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 8218S. Fuzzi et al.: Particulate matter, air quality and climate different PM precursor sources and their response to climate and land use change over the remaining decades of this century are prominent. In any case, the evidence from this paper strongly advocates for an integrated approach to air quality and climate policies.

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Section: Source Emission Measurements Of Poa and Soamentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Source Emission Measurements Of Poa and Soamentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter, air quality and climate: lessons learned and future needs

et al. 2015

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“…In addition, AMS instruments were used in several experimental projects conducted at test facilities, [94][95][96][97][98] where mixtures of particles and gases from exhaust plumes of commercial engines were sampled into a smog chamber and exposed to a simulated photochemical oxidation environment. Continuous, real-time AMS measurements then were used to monitor the concentration of OAs in the smog chamber and evolution of its chemical properties.…”

Section: Field and Test Facilities Studies Anthropogenic Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometric approaches for chemical characterisation of atmospheric aerosols: critical review of the most recent advances

Laskin¹,

Laskin²,

Nizkorodov³

2012

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Atmospheric aerosols have profound effects on the environment through several physicochemical processes, such as absorption and scattering of sunlight, heterogeneous gas-particle reactions and adverse effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Understanding aerosol atmospheric chemistry and its environmental impact requires comprehensive characterisation of the physical and chemical properties of particles. Results from mass spectrometry provide important new insights into the origin of atmospheric aerosols, the evolution of their physicochemical properties, their reactivity and their effect on the environment.Abstract. This manuscript presents an overview of the most recent instrument developments for the field and laboratory applications of mass spectrometry (MS) to investigate the chemistry and physics of atmospheric aerosols. A range of MS instruments, employing different sample introduction methods, ionisation and mass detection techniques are used both for 'online' and 'offline' characterisation of aerosols. Online MS techniques enable detection of individual particles with simultaneous measurement of particle size distributions and aerodynamic characteristics and are ideally suited for field studies that require high temporal resolution. Offline MS techniques provide a means for detailed molecular-level analysis of aerosol samples, which is essential to gain fundamental knowledge regarding aerosol chemistry, mechanisms of particle formation and atmospheric aging. Combined, complementary MS techniques provide comprehensive information on the chemical composition, size, morphology and phase of aerosols -data of key importance for evaluating hygroscopic and optical properties of particles, their health effects, understanding their origins and atmospheric evolution. Over the last few years, developments and applications of MS techniques in aerosol research have expanded remarkably as evident by skyrocketing publication statistics. The goal of this review is to present the most recent developments in the field of aerosol mass spectrometry for the time period of late 2010 to early 2012, which have not been conveyed in previous reviews.

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“…Relevant literature on the NO 2 /NO x ratios regarding on-wing measurements usually report 70% and above for low power setting operations Wormhoudt et al, 2007;Timko et al, 2010;Presto et al, 2011). The corresponding test-cell results, however, usually report lower ratios than those given for on-wing measurements (Spicer et al, 1984;Miller, 2003) and indicate highly variable results with a minimum value as low as 30% (Lyon et al, 1980).…”

Section: Fuel Flow and Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 91%