Fine mapping and candidate gene screening of the downy mildew resistance gene RPF1 in Spinach

She, Hongbing; Qian, Wei; Zhang, Helong; Liu, Zhiyuan; Wang, Xiaowu; Wu, Jian; Feng, Chunda; Correll, James C.; Xu, Zhaosheng

doi:10.1007/s00122-018-3169-4

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The annotations and functions of these genes were identified as being related to DM resistance ( Table 6 and Table S8). There are various factors involved in DM resistance, such as POX (peroxidase), MYB (transcriptional activator Myb), GSO1 (LRR receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinases (STKs), (LRR-STKs)), plant RLKs, polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (PGIP), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), NAC, WRKY transcription factors, and pathogenesis-related (PR) protein [66][67][68][69][70][71][72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that the activation of the PR protein and phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes such as LRR-STKs and MAPKs responds to DM infection in pearl millet by inducing molecules for signal transduction [95]. Also, nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-LRR and receptor-like proteins (RLP) were included in five classes of R genes, these have been reported as resistance against DM [70,71]. RLKs are well known to play a role in many important signaling process such as plant growth, development, hormone signaling, and stress response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Validation of Candidate Genes Conferring Resistance to Downy Mildew in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Kim

Song

et al. 2020

Genes

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Downy mildew (DM) is a major disease of maize that causes significant yield loss in subtropical and tropical regions around the world. A variety of DM strains have been reported, and the resistance to them is polygenically controlled. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) involved in resistance to Peronosclerospora sorghi (sorghum DM), P. maydis (Java DM), and Sclerophthora macrospora (crazy top DM) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) from a cross between B73 (susceptible) and Ki11 (resistant), and the candidate genes for P. sorghi, P. maydis, and S. macrospora resistance were discovered. The linkage map was constructed with 234 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers, which was identified seven QTLs (chromosomes 2, 3, 6, and 9) for three DM strains. The major QTL, located on chromosome 2, consists of 12.95% of phenotypic variation explained (PVE) and a logarithm of odds (LOD) score of 14.12. Sixty-two candidate genes for P. sorghi, P. maydis, and S. macrospora resistance were obtained between the flanked markers in the QTL regions. The relative expression level of candidate genes was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using resistant (CML228, Ki3, and Ki11) and susceptible (B73 and CML270) genotypes. For the 62 candidate genes, 15 genes were upregulated in resistant genotypes. Among these, three (GRMZM2G028643, GRMZM2G128315, and GRMZM2G330907) and AC210003.2_FG004 were annotated as leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and peroxidase (POX) genes, respectively. These candidate genes in the QTL regions provide valuable information for further studies related to P. sorghi, P. maydis, and S. macrospora resistance.Genes 2020, 11, 191 2 of 20 is spread by oospores that survive in the soil [7] and can be spread through infected seeds or from plant-to-plant by airborne conidia. Because of the systemic nature of DM, susceptible lines usually die when infected in the seedling emergence stage, and when plants are infected during later growth stages, they cannot develop the maize ear despite having survived. At least six pathogens that cause DM infection of maize in Asia have been reported, including sorghum DM (P. sorghi (Weston & Uppal)), Philippine DM (P. philippinensis (Weston) Shaw), Java DM (P. maydis (Raciborski)), sugarcane DM (P. sacchari (Miyabe) Shirai and Hara), brown stripe DM (Sclerophthora rayssiae var. zeae), crazy top DM (S. macrospora), and Rajasthan DM (P. heteropogoni) [2,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. DM is widespread in tropical regions, although its origin is conjectural, and because of the diversity of the DM pathogens and their systemic nature, the development of resistant varieties is needed. Moreover, a renewed emphasis on cost-effectiveness and environmental safety that has brought about the application of DM management by the development of resistant varieties. According to studies on the interaction of maize and the pathogens, resistance to DM is polygenically controlled [7,13,[16][17][18]...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Validation of Candidate Genes Conferring Resistance to Downy Mildew in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Kim

Song

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…Xu et al (2017) identified 139 different NBS-LRR genes in the spinach genome, while Correll et al (2011) hypothesized that 6 loci are controlling known downy mildew resistances. These loci are referred to as RPF loci, but to date none have been identified nor cloned (She et al 2018). Currently, up to 13 different RPF loci have been described (Dijkstra 2015a(Dijkstra , b, 2016.…”

Section: Downy Mildewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

et al. 2020

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This paper addresses the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach as a comprehensive review of these crop aspects is currently unavailable. It is shown that the availability of genetic resources of wild relatives belonging to the primary gene pool is currently very limited, which hampers breeding and research activities. Therefore, new collecting expeditions are clearly warranted. The domestication of spinach is discussed on the basis of its presumed migration routes and the traits that were probably involved in the domestication syndrome. Spinach is thought to have domesticated in former Persia. Migration then occurred eastwards to China and westwards to Europe, but additional genetic data are needed to reveal the most likely migration routes. Morphological changes in pistillate flowers and loss of dormancy are identified as the main traits involved in the domestication syndrome of spinach. To a large extent we could reconstruct the relationships between spinach cultivars that were developed until the 1950s, but this appeared difficult for the more recent cultivars due to intellectual property protection by breeding companies. Resistance against downy mildew has been the main breeding target in spinach. The introgression of NBS-LRR resistance genes from wild relatives is the major strategy to develop downy mildew resistant cultivars. However, the use of lossof-function alleles of susceptibility genes may provide a more durable strategy to develop resistant cultivars. So far, abiotic resistance and quality traits have received minor attention in spinach research and breeding. This is expected to change considering the potential effects of climate change on these traits.

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“…After the release of the watermelon genome (Guo et al , ), watermelon has become an ideal model crop for research on traits such as fruit cracking, size, shape, rind colour, and flesh texture due to being an annual and thus having a shorter life cycle than other perennial fruit crops. With the advancement of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology, sequencing‐based gene mining strategies, such as bulk segregant analysis (BSA), genetic mapping and genome‐wide association study (GWAS), have been widely used as affordable, efficient and routine approaches to dissect crop traits in rice (Wang et al , ) tomato (Chapman et al , ; Soyk et al , ), cucumber(Li et al , ; Xu et al , ), peanut(Luo et al , ), chickpea(Deokar et al , ),spinach(She et al , ), apple(Jia et al , ) and melon (Hu et al , ). Recently, genes or QTLs related to sugar transporter (Ren et al , ), dwarfism (Dong et al , ) and lobed leaves (Wei et al , ) have been reported in watermelon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylene‐responsive factor 4 is associated with the desirable rind hardness trait conferring cracking resistance in fresh fruits of watermelon

Liao

et al. 2019

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Summary Fruit rind plays a pivotal role in alleviating water loss and disease and particularly in cracking resistance as well as the transportability, storability and shelf‐life quality of the fruit. High susceptibility to cracking due to low rind hardness is largely responsible for severe annual yield losses of fresh fruits such as watermelon in the field and during the postharvest process. However, the candidate gene controlling the rind hardness phenotype remains unclear to date. Herein, we report, for the first time, an ethylene‐responsive transcription factor 4 (ClERF4) associated with variation in rind hardness via a combinatory genetic map with bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Strikingly, our fine‐mapping approach revealed an InDel of 11 bp and a neighbouring SNP in the ClERF4 gene on chromosome 10, conferring cracking resistance in F2 populations with variable rind hardness. Furthermore, the concomitant kompetitive/competitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) genotyping data sets of 104 germplasm accessions strongly supported candidate ClERF4 as a causative gene associated with fruit rind hardness variability. In conclusion, our results provide new insight into the underlying mechanism controlling rind hardness, a desirable trait in fresh fruit. Moreover, the findings will further enable the molecular improvement of fruit cracking resistance in watermelon via precisely targeting the causative gene relevant to rind hardness, ClERF4.

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Fine mapping and candidate gene screening of the downy mildew resistance gene RPF1 in Spinach

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

Identification and Validation of Candidate Genes Conferring Resistance to Downy Mildew in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Identification and Validation of Candidate Genes Conferring Resistance to Downy Mildew in Maize (Zea mays L.)

A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Ethylene‐responsive factor 4 is associated with the desirable rind hardness trait conferring cracking resistance in fresh fruits of watermelon

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