Fine Iron Aerosols Are Internally Mixed with Nitrate in the Urban European Atmosphere

Dall’Osto, Manuel; Beddows, D. C. S.; Harrison, Roy M.; Onat, Burcu

doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b01127

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(194 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, without comprehensive investigations, it is not clear whether the net positive climate forcing of anthropogenic FeO x -rich sources is negligible or comparable with those of BC- and BrC-rich sources. Finally, it should be mentioned that the anthropogenic FeO x particles may also play a role in the biogeochemical cycles34.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols enhance atmospheric heating

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Combustion-induced carbonaceous aerosols, particularly black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC), have been largely considered as the only significant anthropogenic contributors to shortwave atmospheric heating. Natural iron oxide (FeOx) has been recognized as an important contributor, but the potential contribution of anthropogenic FeOx is unknown. In this study, we quantify the abundance of FeOx over East Asia through aircraft measurements using a modified single-particle soot photometer. The majority of airborne FeOx particles in the continental outflows are of anthropogenic origin in the form of aggregated magnetite nanoparticles. The shortwave absorbing powers (Pabs) attributable to FeOx and to BC are calculated on the basis of their size-resolved mass concentrations and the mean Pabs(FeOx)/Pabs(BC) ratio in the continental outflows is estimated to be at least 4–7%. We demonstrate that in addition to carbonaceous aerosols the aggregate of magnetite nanoparticles is a significant anthropogenic contributor to shortwave atmospheric heating.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols enhance atmospheric heating

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the urban atmosphere, Fe can be released from engine oil or catalyst equipped gasoline vehicles (Chen et al, 2007). Besides, Fe is linked to non-exhaust emissions such as brake wear because it is the support material for brake pads and the agents present in brake linings typically consist of Ba, Mn and Cu (Lough et al, 2005;Hjortenkrans et al, 2007;Dall'Osto et al, 2016). Therefore, Fe and Ba can be regarded as chemical tracers for a traffic-related source (exhaust and non-exhaust) (Thorpe and Harrison, 2008;Lin et al, 2015).…”

Section: Traffic-relatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Atmospheric trace elements, especially metal species, are an emerging environmental and health concern with insufficient understanding of their levels and sources in Shanghai, the most important industrial megacity in China.Here we continuously performed a 1 year (from March 2016 to February 2017) and hourly resolved measurement of 18 elements in fine particles (PM 2.5 ) at the Shanghai urban center with an Xact multi-metals monitor and several collocated instruments. Mass concentrations (mean ± 1σ ; ng m −3 ) determined by Xact ranged from detection limits (nominally 0.1 to 20 ng m −3 ) to 15 µg m −3 . Element-related oxidized species comprised an appreciable fraction of PM 2.5 during all seasons, accounting for 8.3 % on average. As a comparison, the atmospheric elements concentration level in Shanghai was comparable with that in other industrialized cities in East Asia but 1 or 2 orders of magnitude higher than at sites in North America and Europe. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to identify and apportion the sources of the elements in the PM 2.5 mass. Five different factors were resolved (notable elements and relative contribution in parentheses): traffic-related (Ca, Fe, Ba, Si; 46 %), shipping (V, Ni; 6 %), nonferrous metal smelting (Ag, Cd, Au; 15 %), coal combustion (As, Se, Hg, Pb; 18 %) and ferrous metal smelting (Cr, Mn, Zn; 15 %). The contribution from the exhaust and non-exhaust vehicle emissions, i.e., the traffic-related factor shows a strong bimodal diurnal profile with average concentration over 2 times higher during the rush hour than during nighttime. The shipping factor was firmly identified because V and Ni, two recognized tracers of shipping emissions, are almost exclusively transported from the East China Sea and their ratio (around 3.2) falls within the variation range of V / Ni ratios in particles emitted from heavy oil combustion. Interestingly, nearly half of the K was derived from coal combustion with high mineral affinity (elements associated with aluminosilicates, carbonates and other minerals in coal ash). The contributions of nonferrous metal smelting to the trace elements are consistent with a newly developed emission inventory. Although the precipitation scavenging effect on the mass concentration of the trace elements varied among different species and sources, precipiPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11794Y. Chang et al.: First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements tation could effectively lower the concentration of the trafficand coal combustion-related trace elements. Therefore, water spray to simulate natural types of precipitation could be one of the abatement strategies to facilitate the reduction of ambient PM 2.5 trace elements in the urban atmosphere. Collectively, our findings in this study provide baseline levels and sources of trace elements with high detail, which are needed for developing effective control strategies to reduce the high risk of acute exposure to atmospheri...

show abstract

“…Iron is one of the most abundant transition metals in the aerosol (Valko et al, 2005;Dall'Osto et al, 2016). However, potential iron-catalyzed ROS formation in an oxygen-rich environment has not yet been examined using a DCFH assay.…”

Section: Transition Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, characterization and first deployment of an improved online reactive oxygen species analyzer

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Inhalation of atmospheric particles is linked to human diseases. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in these atmospheric aerosols may play an important role. However, the ROS content in aerosols and their formation pathways are still largely unknown. Here, we have developed an online and offline ROS analyzer using a 2 ,7 -dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) based assay. The ROS analyzer was calibrated with H 2 O 2 and its sensitivity was characterized using a suite of model organic compounds. The instrument detection limit determined as 3 times the noise is 1.3 nmol L −1 for offline analysis and 2 nmol m −3 of sampled air when the instrument is operated online at a fluorescence response time of approximately 8 min, while the offline method detection limit is 18 nmol L −1 . Potential interferences from gas-phase O 3 and NO 2 as well as matrix effects of particulate SO 2− 4 and NO − 3 were tested, but not observed. Fe 3+ had no influence on the ROS signal, while soluble Fe 2+ reduced it if present at high concentrations in the extracts. Both online and offline methods were applied to identify the ROS content of different aerosol types, i.e., ambient aerosols as well as fresh and aged aerosols from wood combustion emissions. The stability of the ROS was assessed by comparing the ROS concentration measured by the same instrumentation online in situ with offline measurements. We also analyzed the evolution of ROS in specific samples by conducting the analysis after storage times of up to 4 months. The ROS were observed to decay with increasing storage duration. From their decay behavior, ROS in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) can be separated into short-and long-lived fractions. The half-life of the shortlived fraction was 1.7 ± 0.4 h, while the half-life of the longlived fraction could not be determined with our uncertainties. All these measurements showed consistently that on average 60 ± 20 % of the ROS were very reactive and disappeared during the filter storage time. This demonstrates the importance of a fast online measurement of ROS.

show abstract

Fine Iron Aerosols Are Internally Mixed with Nitrate in the Urban European Atmosphere

Cited by 29 publications

References 72 publications

Anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols enhance atmospheric heating

Anthropogenic iron oxide aerosols enhance atmospheric heating

First long-term and near real-time measurement of trace elements in China's urban atmosphere: temporal variability, source apportionment and precipitation effect

Development, characterization and first deployment of an improved online reactive oxygen species analyzer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About