Fine dispersion morphology of polystyrene/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) blending generation for controlled foaming behavior

Abstract

Polystyrene/poly(ethylene terephthalate glycol) (PS/PETG) blends with different PETG contents were prepared using a Haake internal mixer at 190 °C.

Thermal, Rheological and Mechanical Properties of PETG/rPETG Blends

“…5 shows that there is only one glass transition peak, which thus verifies the homogeneity of the blends. The highest T g is observed for fresh PETG (75 °C), while the lowest is for rPETG (49 °C) what is typical for the polymers after recycling process [25]. A small addition of rPETG slightly reduces the value of T g in comparison to fresh PETG.…”

Verification of the Competitive Effect between Heterogeneous and Gas Diffusion-Induced Cell Nucleation in Determining the Cell Structure in Polystyrene/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Blends via Structural Evolution Driven by Phase Separation

“…In general, the cell structure variations mainly include four types, that is, type 1 (cell size increases, cell density decreases, and the expansion ratio increases), type 2 (cell size decreases, cell density increases, and expansion ratio increases), type 3 (cell size increases, cell density decreases, and expansion ratio decreases), and type 4 (cell size decreases, cell density increases, and expansion ratio decreases). Type 1 is generally observed when the foaming temperature of the variable is increased till the largest expansion ratio is obtained. , Type 2 is usually obtained when the heterogeneous cell nucleation is enhanced, for example, through incorporation of a low loading of nanoparticles, ,, through polymer blending to generate the polymer interface, , and so forth. Type 3 is generally observed when the temperature is increased too high that the melt strength is too low to hold the gas expansion, ,, when the addition of one component with a relatively lower melt strength into immiscible binary polymer blends, and so forth.…”

“…Generally, the decreased melt strength upon a very high temperature increase or blending with a low melt strength component in immiscible blends would bring in the increased cell size, the decreased cell density, and also the decreased expansion ratio (type 3). 9,41,44,46 The increased stiffness upon incorporating a very high loading of nanoparticles or the enhanced gas loss from the polymer interface of immiscible polymer blends would lead to the decreased cell size, the increased cell density, and also the decreased expansion ratio (type 4). 10,33,38 In summary, the decreased melt strength has generally been the intrinsic variable to master, thus to tune the cell structure variation of type 3.…”

Microcellular morphology evolution of polystyrene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends in the presence of supercritical CO2

“…In general, polymer foaming goes through four stages: (1) immersing stage, (2) cell nucleation, (3) cell growth, and (4) cell stabilization. 36 According to classical nucleation theory, 37 it could be learnt that the appearance of the interfaces between PS and TPU in the PS/TPU 5% blends would lead to a decrease in the free energy of the cell nucleation. As a result, the cell nucleation in PS/TPU 5% blend would favor over heterogeneous cell nucleation because of its lower energy barrier, resulting in the increment in cell nucleation density.…”