“…In addition, an increased coefficient of determination (R 2 ) is specified for the examples shown. Figure 1 Incidence values I [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] are shown as a function of the vaccination rates V of twice vaccinated people in German federal states and city states as examples for weeks as indicated according to the German RKÍs weekly status report ( https://www.rki.de ). Linear regression graphs are shown as examples for weeks as indicated.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The effect is reduced during December, which is also underlined by the curves shown in Figure 2 . Figure 3 The slope a of linear regression is shown as function of the time (A) and as function of the theoretical incidence [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] b for theoretical zero vaccination rate (B). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5, 6, 7). Despite all the efforts of the vaccination campaign, the vaccination rate in Germany has plateaued, in August 2021 at around 65 percent (8) .…”
“…In addition, an increased coefficient of determination (R 2 ) is specified for the examples shown. Figure 1 Incidence values I [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] are shown as a function of the vaccination rates V of twice vaccinated people in German federal states and city states as examples for weeks as indicated according to the German RKÍs weekly status report ( https://www.rki.de ). Linear regression graphs are shown as examples for weeks as indicated.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The effect is reduced during December, which is also underlined by the curves shown in Figure 2 . Figure 3 The slope a of linear regression is shown as function of the time (A) and as function of the theoretical incidence [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] b for theoretical zero vaccination rate (B). …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5, 6, 7). Despite all the efforts of the vaccination campaign, the vaccination rate in Germany has plateaued, in August 2021 at around 65 percent (8) .…”
“…This remains true today, as questions arise with the need for booster shots, mix-and-match boosters, and encouraging vaccine uptake among the unvaccinated. This is especially true in light of the confusion regarding the safety and recommended age requirements in the case of the AstraZeneca and Jansen vaccines in Germany [ 24 , 25 ].…”
Public perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines are critical in reaching protective levels of herd immunity. Vaccine skepticism has always been relatively high in Germany, and surveys suggest that over the course of the pandemic, enthusiasm for the COVID-19 vaccine has dropped. Looking at the period just prior to the approval of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines in Germany in the latter half of 2020, this paper aims to assess the reasons for and against COVID-19 vaccine uptake among residents of Germany, and to provide in-depth qualitative data to better understand and address concerns surrounding the safety and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine. Our findings indicate that there is widespread trust in German institutions and health experts to provide a safe vaccine for those who need it most. However, interviewees also point to the need for more information and the centrality of support from trusted medical authorities in making individual vaccination decisions. We also present the complexity of individual positions on vaccination, and suggest that vaccine hesitancy in relation to COVID-19 needs to be understood as a nuanced, and socially malleable, territory. This indicates that the goal of a vaccination campaign is not only achieving ‘herd immunity,’ but also a social endorsement of the collaborative effort that is required for a vaccine to be successful.
“…In addition, due to ethical considerations regarding unvaccinated individuals, some countries have utilized requiring proof of negative test results in place of vaccination proof, referred to as vaccine-testing (VT) package. Similarly, Germany lifted restrictions on social activities, including mass gathering events, for people who are either vaccinated, have been infected, or have a negative test result (known as the “3G rule”) (Desson et al, 2021). This was subsequently changed to the “2G rule,” excluding those with a negative test result (BBC, 2021).…”
While mass gathering events have resumed in conjunction with vaccine-testing (VT) packages, their effects on reducing COVID-19 risk remain unclear. Here, we used an environmental exposure model to analyze the effects of vaccinations and proof of negative test results on reducing infection risk and serious illness among spectators at mass gathering events. We then analyzed the difference in risk with and without VT and regular seat zoning. Risk of infection and serious illness were quantified using a model incorporating parameters such as vaccination coverage, vaccine prevention effectiveness, and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or qualitative antigen tests. When vaccine prevention effectiveness was 50% (corresponding to 4 months for the delta variant and 1-2 months for the omicron variant after the second vaccine dose), the risk of infection and serious illness among vaccinated spectators were 0.32-0.40 and 0.13-0.16 times of those who tested negative, respectively. In contrast, the risks of infection and serious illness among vaccinated spectators without measures such as mask wearing were 4.0 and 1.6 times higher than those among unvaccinated spectators with such measures, respectively. The risk of infection with an 80% vaccination coverage and a vaccine prevention effectiveness of 20% (corresponding to 5-6 months for the delta variant or 3-4 months for the omicron variant after the second vaccine dose) was comparable to that of a 20% vaccine coverage and a vaccine prevention effectiveness of 80% (corresponding to 1-3 months for delta variant after the second vaccine dose). Regarding zoning, there was little difference in risk with a vaccination coverage of ≥80%. Adherence to individual measures after vaccination and maintenance of high vaccine effectiveness among spectators at stadiums are important for reducing risk of infection and serious illness. Furthermore, seat zoning did not affect overall infection risk reduction.
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