Finding the Way at Kraków Główny Railway Station: A Detail of Confusion Points in Eye Tracker Experiment

Pashkevich, Anton; Bairamov, Eduard; Burghardt, Tomasz E.; Šucha, Matúš

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44610-9_19

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The KKM logo (Krakowska Karta Miejska, Kraków City Card-a long-term ticket) that is above the TVM cannot be readily recognised by people unfamiliar with it; in addition, the logo is not uniformly used to identify public transport vehicles and infrastructure in Kraków. The tram stop itself is a part of a major transportation hub that was consistently described as 'resembling a maze' and where inadequate and inappropriate signage caused very significant confusion amongst unrelated groups of local and foreign test participants who were also young travellers [41,42]. A psychological perspective, which is beyond the scope of this study, would be needed to comprehend how such a mixture of poorly designed space combined with rather well-designed equipment is affecting the perception of the municipality by casual tourists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amongst related current new applications, observations of horizontal road markings by drivers approaching intersections were reported [36][37][38], eye tracking studies were done on bicyclists [39], and pedestrian wayfinding and object memorisation studies were held [40]. Recently, researchers performed an in-depth analysis of directional signs observation at Kraków Główny railway station, suggesting that the inappropriate location and overabundance of such signs can cause as much confusion as poor design of the station itself [41][42][43].…”

Section: Eye Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Operation of Public Transportation Ticket Vending Machine in Kraków, Poland: An Eye Tracking Study

Pashkevich¹,

Szarata²,

Burghardt

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Whereas the majority of evaluations of self-service kiosks are based on interviews or observations and as such are burdened with personal bias, eye tracking was seen as a method for an objective analysis. To demonstrate the feasibility and usability of such an assessment technique, the task of purchasing a public transportation ticket from a modern ticket vending machine in Kraków, Poland was evaluated. The test participants relatively easily operated the machine with time taken to purchase a ticket ranging from 54 s for foreigners not familiar with the equipment to 29 s for local inhabitants. Even though the number of gazes recorded for the foreigners group was 2.4 times higher than for the local test participants, the fixation times were almost equal. Faulty or delayed operation of the payment terminal was a meaningful equipment issue encountered by eight test participants. The study demonstrated that the operation of the analysed ticket vending machine should not cause much trouble to anyone. The use of an eye tracker, which was employed for such an assessment for the first time, permitted the identification of possible operational ambiguities that could hinder the user experience without the bias associated with other assessment techniques. The used method was found to be efficient and the results provided valuable information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eye Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation of Public Transportation Ticket Vending Machine in Kraków, Poland: An Eye Tracking Study

Pashkevich¹,

Szarata²,

Burghardt

et al. 2021

Sustainability

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kiefer et al (2012a) stated that the most important reason for researchers not to choose mobile eye-tracking tools in the fi eld is linked with possible technical problems. Yet, few studies observed what participants pay attention to while walking in the city center (Pinelo da Silva, 2011), how the gaze behaviors of participants change with the help of a map (Kiefer et al, 2012a(Kiefer et al, , 2012b(Kiefer et al, , 2014, the visual attention of visitors in museums (Eghbal-Azar & Widlok, 2013;Mokatren et al, 2018;Toyama et al, 2011), or the gaze behavior of participants who try to fi nd directions with the help of landmarks in a train station (Pashkevich et al, 2020). Most studies analyzed how demographic and cultural variables aff ect eye movement (Chua et al, 2005;Green et al, 2011;Hao et al, 2015;Pan et al, 2011;Raptis et al, 2018;Wang & Sparks, 2016).…”

Section: Eye-tracking In Tourismmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bibliometric Study on Eye-Tracking Research in Tourism

Atabay

Güzeller

2021

Tourism (Zagreb, Online)

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The purpose of this paper is to determine the position of eye-tracking studies in the tourism literature and to provide a panoramic perspective of social and intellectual structures of eye-tracking studies in tourism. Bibliometric methods have been used to analyze 64 studies published from 2013 – 2019. Descriptive, network, and cluster analyses were applied in the R statistics program. The annual growth rate on eye-tracking research in tourism was 38.31%. Most of the authors preferred to cite articles from tourism journals. Effective researchers preferred to use “eye-tracking” and “visual attention” as author keywords in their research. Most of the studies took place in a laboratory environment. The studies discussed many dimensions such as culture, language, website design, advertising strategies, satisfaction, and usability. However, the effect of marketing and behavior studies is remarkable. Institutions and countries with close geographical links tended to publish together, but countries such as the USA, the UK, China, and Australia come to the fore in the collaboration network. Scopus-indexed English publications, most of which are articles, and proceedings were analyzed. Future studies may use different academic databases and publication types. This study is one of the first bibliometric analyses of eye-tracking studies in tourism.

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“…There is quite a small amount of eye-tracking research works which have concentrated on such functional aspects of complex infrastructure objects or their parts as confusion points and problems met by road users when using them together and suggesting their further improvement. Here, the study at Kraków Główny railway station can be mentioned as an example [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Traffic Organisation in the Kiss-and-Fly Zone of Kraków Airport: Eye-Tracking Study

Pashkevich,

Piegza,

Krawiec

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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When choosing the way to come to airports, quite a large number of passengers prefer when they are dropped off/picked up at airports using kiss-and-fly (K&F) zones. Such a travel option is associated with a special traffic organisation on the airport ground access. As there are no common regulations or standards when creating such a complex infrastructure object, it could be a challenge for drivers when searching and moving through it. Therefore, the main aim of the presented study was to assess and verify the eye-tracking technique as an objective tool, which can allow one to identify and estimate confusion points met by road users when using such an object. The field tests with 23 drivers were conducted in the K&F zone of Kraków Airport, and the data analysis focused on the traffic organisation and road signage as its key and integral parts. The eye-tracking approach allowed us to clearly find confusing situations for drivers as well as explain their reasons confirming its suitability and usefulness for the declared aim. Also, the perception of standardised and unstandardised signage of the K&F zone as well as the influence of route familiarity for drivers were discussed.

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Finding the Way at Kraków Główny Railway Station: A Detail of Confusion Points in Eye Tracker Experiment

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Operation of Public Transportation Ticket Vending Machine in Kraków, Poland: An Eye Tracking Study

Operation of Public Transportation Ticket Vending Machine in Kraków, Poland: An Eye Tracking Study

A Bibliometric Study on Eye-Tracking Research in Tourism

Analysis of Traffic Organisation in the Kiss-and-Fly Zone of Kraków Airport: Eye-Tracking Study

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