FINDING THE PHILOSOPHICAL CORE: A REVIEW OF STEPHEN C. PEPPER'S WORLD HYPOTHESES: A STUDY IN EVIDENCE<sup>1</sup>

Hayes, Steven C.; Hayes, Linda J.; Reese, Hayne W.

doi:10.1901/jeab.1988.50-97

Cited by 272 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…ACT is closely linked to RFT, which is a behavior-analytic approach to language and cognition. Behavior analysis itself is rooted in the philosophical assumptions of functional contextualism, a form of scientific pragmatism in which truth is defined by the successful achievement of prediction and influence within the analytic domain (Hayes, Hayes, & Reese, 1988;Pepper, 1942). As a result, in RFT and ACT analyses, all concepts are explicitly linked to historical and situational contexts, because only contextual variables can be directly manipulated, thus allowing both prediction and influence (Hayes & Brownstein, 1986).…”

Section: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

et al. 2009

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Skinner described behavior analysis as the field of values and purpose. However, he defined these concepts in terms of a history of reinforcement and failed to specify whether and how human and nonhuman values might differ. Human values have been seen as theoretically central within a number of nonbehavioral traditions in psychology, including humanism and positive psychology. However, these approaches have failed to provide explanations of the behaviorenvironment relations involved in valuing that might allow prediction and influence with respect to this phenomenon. Modern clinical behavior analysis in the form of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), however, succeeds in providing a functional definition of human values that meets this latter criterion. ACT is rooted in behavior analysis and relational frame theory (RFT) and defines values in terms of verbally established motivation. ACT empirical research into values has begun to blossom in recent years, and ACT-RFT researchers are currently investigating the concept at the most basic empirical level as well as in the applied clinical arena, heralding new interest in and insight into values within clinical behavioral psychology.

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Section: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

et al. 2009

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“…The generality of these models is then tested in diverse samples of the universe of cases, and their truth or validity is judged by the degree to which the models can be replicated in these samples (Biglan & Hayes, 1993;Hayes, 1993;Hayes, Hayes, & Reese, 1988). The more widely replicable the model the better.…”

Section: The Goal Ofbehavioral Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it seems that within this paradigm, the searching out of universal regularities is the ultimate goal. This framework has been labeled mechanism (Hayes et al, 1988;Pepper, 1942). …”

Section: The Goal Ofbehavioral Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Contextual Approach to Research on AIDS Prevention

Wulfert

Biglan

1994

BEHAV ANALYST

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The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease that is transmitted almost entirely through behavioral factors. In the absence of a cure or vaccine, the modification of AIDS-risk behavior presents a unique challenge to behavioral scientists and should be taken as a clear imperative by behavior analysts. This paper discusses the currently dominant social-cognitive theories (the health belief model, the theory of reasoned action, and self-efficacy theory) that have been widely used to predict and understand AIDSrisk behavior. Although these theories have generated a voluminous literature on the cognitive, attitudinal, and demographic correlates ofAIDS-risk behavior, they have not resulted in specific intervention strategies to influence risky behavior, most likely because they fail to specify manipulable variables. As an alternative to social-cognitive theories, this paper evaluates the usefulness of a behavior-analytic approach to stem the spread of HIV infection. It examines some of the philosophical differences underlying cognitive and behavioral approaches that are embedded in mechanistic versus functional contextualistic principles. It explores the theoretical and practical implications of adopting either predicting and explaining behavior or predicting and influencing behavior as the goals of science. To illustrate the value of adopting the goal of prediction and influence, behavior-analytic research on the social context of risky sexual behavior in adolescents is described. The paper argues that in order to alter the future course of the AIDS epidemic, the behavioral sciences must move beyond describing cognitive and attitudinal correlates ofrisky behavior and focus on the social context of the behavior of individuals. In addition, population-wide changes in AIDS-risk behavior can be accomplished only ifresearch focuses on how to influence larger social systems, including the media, school systems, and community organizations.

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“…Skinner's (1938) The historiography of behavior analysis can contribute to the collection of these "relevant data" as part ofan ongoing program of conceptual analysis, as well as the conceptual analysis of those conceptual analyses, and so on and so forth. In so doing, historiography will yield material for the continued evolution of behavior-analytic philosophy and epistemology (see, e.g., Hayes, Hayes, & Reese, 1988;Morris, 1988 The most widely available tertiary materials are chapters on the history of behaviorism written for textbooks on the history and systems ofpsychology. Some of these chapters are excellent in insight and exposition (e.g., Heidbreder, 1933, pp.…”

Section: The Purposes Ofhistoriographymentioning

confidence: 99%

The History of Behavior Analysis: Some Historiography and a Bibliography

et al. 1990

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This article has two main purposes. First, it introduces the discipline of historiography and, second, it provides a selected bibliography on the history of behavior analysis. In introducing the former in the context of the latter, four important methodological considerations involved in the process and product of historiography are described: The sources from which historical materials are drawn (i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary) and three dimensions along which historiography is conducted and evaluatedinternalist vs. externalist, great person vs. Zeitgeist, and presentist vs. historicist. Integrated throughout are four purposes for the historiography ofbehavior analysis, as well as an overview ofthe topics covered in the extant literature. The manuscript concludes with a listing of current bibliographic material by publication type and topic.

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FINDING THE PHILOSOPHICAL CORE: A REVIEW OF STEPHEN C. PEPPER'S WORLD HYPOTHESES: A STUDY IN EVIDENCE¹

Cited by 272 publications

References 25 publications

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

A Contextual Approach to Research on AIDS Prevention

The History of Behavior Analysis: Some Historiography and a Bibliography

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FINDING THE PHILOSOPHICAL CORE: A REVIEW OF STEPHEN C. PEPPER'S WORLD HYPOTHESES: A STUDY IN EVIDENCE1

Cited by 272 publications

References 25 publications

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

In search of meaning: Values in modern clinical behavior analysis

A Contextual Approach to Research on AIDS Prevention

The History of Behavior Analysis: Some Historiography and a Bibliography

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Product

Resources

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FINDING THE PHILOSOPHICAL CORE: A REVIEW OF STEPHEN C. PEPPER'S WORLD HYPOTHESES: A STUDY IN EVIDENCE¹