“…In addition, it would be informative to use experience sampling methodology to study how and under what conditions students' homework expectancy changes moment-to-moment while doing specific homework assignments. It would be particularly informative to investigate factors that influence homework expectancy in online environments, as (a) online homework presents both opportunities and challenges for students, parents, and teachers [37,54,56], and as (b) COVID-19 has forced "an unprecedented massive 'migration' from traditional in-class face-to-face education to online education" [57] (p. 113). Finally, given our findings concerning the differential predictive effects of (a) homework variables (time, frequency, quality, interest, and favorability), (b) goal orientations (masteryand performance-approaches), and (c) teacher variables vs. parent variables on homework expectancy, it is therefore highly desirable to undertake qualitative research to better understand the antecedents and consequences of homework expectancy from the perspectives of students, parents, and teachers.…”