Finding of a Holocene marine layer in Algarrobo (33°22'S), central Chile. Implications for coastal uplift

Encinas, Alfonso; Hervé, Francisco; Villa-Martínez, Rodrigo; Nielsen, Sven N.; Finger, Kenneth L.; Peterson, Dawn E.

doi:10.5027/andgeov33n2-a07

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This would have resulted in an uplift of around 2 m during the last 7 ka, still below the current lake level at around to 4 m a.s.l. Other estimates of Holocene uplift rates along the coast show a large range: in Lanalhue Lake, a mean uplift rate of 0.42 ± 0.71 m ka −1 (Stefer et al ., ); in Mocha Island, between 2 and 10 m ka −1 (Nelson and Manley, ); and at Algarrobo, around 0.4 m ka −1 (Encinas et al ., ). These data demonstrate that the permanent subduction‐related deformation causing uplift is heterogeneously distributed along the main strike of the faults (Jara‐Muñoz et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the bay of Algarrobo on the coast of Central Chile (∼33°S) Encinas et al . () discovered a Holocene marine bed (0.25 m thick) at an elevation of 3.8 m above mean sea level and dated to ∼6.4 cal ka BP. Pollen and phytoplankton analyses of this marine bed suggested a shallow estuarine environment and relatively warm and arid climate conditions at that time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A 7000‐year high‐resolution lake sediment record from coastal central Chile (Lago Vichuquén, 34°S): implications for past sea level and environmental variability

Frugone-Álvarez

Latorre

Giralt

et al. 2017

J Quaternary Science

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We present a 7‐ka environmental reconstruction based on sedimentological and geochemical data from Lago Vichuquén, a coastal eutrophic lake in central Chile (34°48′S, 72°03′ W, 4 m a.s.l.). A relatively shallow and restricted marine environment with low productivity, high detrital input and dominant anoxic conditions in the Vichuquén Basin occurred from 7.0 to 6.5 cal ka BP. Rapid onset of a Holocene marine transgression at 6.5 cal ka BP favoured deeper and more biologically productive environments that existed until 2.8 cal ka BP. Bioproductivity changes during the mid‐Holocene (6.5–4.2 cal ka BP) were related to upwelling dynamics controlled by the intensity of the South‐east Pacific Anticyclone (SPA). Periods with lower organic productivity and dominant anoxic conditions reflect an increased intensity of SPA (increased upwelling) and decreased precipitation. A shift at ∼4.0 cal ka BP reflects the onset of modern Southern Westerly Winds and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation patterns. Tectonic uplifting and geormorphological activity (dune advancement) are possible reasons behind the Vichuquén Basin closure at ∼1.2 cal ka BP, leading to a low bioproductivity lacustrine environment which has developed until the present. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 7000‐year high‐resolution lake sediment record from coastal central Chile (Lago Vichuquén, 34°S): implications for past sea level and environmental variability

Frugone-Álvarez

Latorre

Giralt

et al. 2017

J Quaternary Science

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“…Accordingly, in terms of tectonics in active regions like south-central Chile, sedimentary sequences may provide insight into local deformation processes (e.g. Encinas et al, 2006), recurrent seismicity (e.g. Moernaut et al, 2007;Bertrand et al, 2008;Blumberg et al, 2008), and secondary implications (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forearc uplift rates deduced from sediment cores of two coastal lakes in south-central Chile

et al. 2010

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The present paper introduces a new approach for deriving information about local forearc tectonics and related uplift rates based on the study of lake sediments. We investigated two coastal lakes at the south-central Chile margin, lakes Lanalhue and Lleu Lleu, located south of the Arauco Peninsula (38°S). Both lakes developed within the valleys of ancient rivers that once drained to the Pacific Ocean, being subsequently dammed by rising sills in the late Pleistocene/early Holocene. Seismic profiling and sedimentological analyses of cores from both lakes revealed similar successions consisting of marine to brackish sediments covered by lacustrine deposits. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the marine-lacustrine transition occurred at 8 ka and 8.15 ka, respectively. The correlation of this transition with global sea-level curves allowed the calculation of local uplift rates for the Holocene. Uplift rates for the lake basins amount to 0.42 ± 0.71 and 0.49 ± 0.44 mm/a, respectively, which are consistent with rates determined from a late Pleistocene marine terrace in the area. However, conspicuously higher, though likely transient, vertical movements at 8.83 ± 2.7 mm/a and 11.36 ±1.77 mm/a, respectively, were calculated for the sills that block both lakes nowadays. These barriers are interpreted to be the surface expression of a blind reverse fault associated to the Morguilla fault system, a seismically-active structure that controls uplift and folding along the adjacent Arauco Peninsula.

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“…< 25º, Figure 6b), favoring travel of early Chinchorro populations along the coast. Between 6,000 to 5,000 years BP, sea level rose up to 5-6 m (Encinas et al 2006), almost erasing marine platforms (i.e. slopes > 80º, Fig.…”

Section: Enterratorio No Datado De Dos Individuos Del Sitio Los Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rise and Decline of Chinchorro Sacred Landscapes Along the Hyperarid Coast of the Atacama Desert

et al. 2012

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The study of complex funerary ritual development among hunters and gatherers societies should take into account how people made up for the continuity of their social system without the support of centralized organizations. This research integrates cultural and natural factors to explore how the Chinchorro carried on with their way of life isolated at geographically restricted perennial river mouths with fresh water along the Atacama Desert in the Pacific coast of South America. Within these rather crowded settlings, they created and maintained a social system catalyzed by a complex funerary tradition, embodied by a unique funerary ideological discourse that resulted in the creation of a sacred landscape or "spiritscape". We argue that the extreme hyperaridity of the coastal Atacama Desert (21º -17.30º S), and the extraordinary biomass production of the marine littoral constituted a fundamental milieu for the maintenance of their long-term social system. The Chinchorro belief system lasted for several millennia (8,000-4,000 BP), but new ways of life and burial practices followed major changes in the coastal ecosystem they relied on, which would have influenced how the "old tradition" was manifested over time. Conversely, we sustain that these natural "constraints" faced by the Chinchorro along the coast of the Atacama Desert, were influential, in the course of their history or the way they socially organized themselves.Key words: Chinchorro spiritscape, sacred landscape, hyperaridity, coastal Atacama Desert. Social and territorial circumscription among hunters and gatherers during the PleistoceneHolocene transition was a worldwide phenomenon. Nevertheless, the cultural effects of these processes on societies that colonized marginal and environmentally extreme landscapes remain poorly studied. This is the case of the Chinchorro, a mid-Holocene decentralized society that as coastal-marine huntergatherers, faced and learned to live in the Mars-like Atacama Desert extreme hyperarid coast of northern Chile (Drees et al. 2006).The Chinchorro were a cultural tradition of hunters, fishermen, and gatherers that relied mostly on marine resources, complemented by some terrestrial ones, and whose extractive economy did not include animal and crop husbandry or any other form of cultivation. The archaeological background of these peoples shows that for approximately five millennia they maintained a social system that included a semi-sedentary settlement pattern centered around residential camps located along the few isolated mouths of perennial rivers (canyons) and springs that flowed into the Pacific within their territory (Figure 1) . Mobility was likely restricted to interior oases formed by isolated springs and rivers within hyperarid conditions, from where they obtained complementary resources (i.e. lithic raw material, which are absent on the coast; (Núñez 1975;Schiappacasse 1995;Schiappacasse and Niemeyer 1975), although no evidence exists for the introduction of obsidian, found only in the high Andes.Thus, the Chinchor...

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Finding of a Holocene marine layer in Algarrobo (33°22'S), central Chile. Implications for coastal uplift

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

A 7000‐year high‐resolution lake sediment record from coastal central Chile (Lago Vichuquén, 34°S): implications for past sea level and environmental variability

A 7000‐year high‐resolution lake sediment record from coastal central Chile (Lago Vichuquén, 34°S): implications for past sea level and environmental variability

Forearc uplift rates deduced from sediment cores of two coastal lakes in south-central Chile

Rise and Decline of Chinchorro Sacred Landscapes Along the Hyperarid Coast of the Atacama Desert

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