In most local developing settings, the political leader and the municipal manager are embodied in the same fi gure, the directly elected mayor. Th is research explores the impact of mayoral quality on local public fi nances in a developing country. Mayoral quality is operationalized as educational background and jobrelated expertise to analyze its impact on two local fi nancial indicators: property tax collection and social spending per capita. Th e mayoral quality thesis is tested across 40 Colombian municipalities over fi ve years (2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004). After considering other political, economic, and external infl uences, the fi ndings reveal that mayoral quality is associated with greater property tax collection and more social spending per capita. Th is positive infl uence, however, decreases under external constraints-such as presence of illegal armed groups. Th is study demonstrates how much infl uence the mayor can have when circumstances permit. Th e fi ndings point to the signifi cance of electing qualifi ed mayors, as decentralization may not directly improve subnational fi nance. Instead, through decentralization, qualifi ed mayors contribute to improved local public fi nance.