This chapter is a detailed and critical study of Mexico, from the Mayan period to the arrival of the conquistadors in 1521. It also reviewed the country's political and economic development policies from independence in 1821/24 to date. Thirty-nine years (1981–1999) time series multivariate data were analyzed using an ARDL model. Results show that the independent variables, especially export, and private consumption expenditure accounted for as much as 95% variation in the dependent variable. The study discovered that Mexico's economic performance could have been much better but for low total factor productivity, large informal sector, and less than desirable level of domestic savings and investment. Addressing these and sustaining the drive towards FDI flows, export expansion, and increase in ease of doing business are suggested policy focus for Mexico going forward.