“…A variety of optimization methods have been applied to financial problems such as investment portfolio selection (Markowitz, 1952; Mulvey, 2001; Pardalos et al., 1994), asset‐liability management (Kouwenberg & Zenios, 2008; Sodhi, 2005), and cash flow management (Baumol, 1952; da Costa Moraes et al., 2015; Miller & Orr, 1966). As in water resources systems analysis, some researchers have attempted to provide more realistic decision support using multi‐objective formulations (de Almeida‐Filho et al., 2020; Marqués et al., 2020; Salas‐Molina et al., 2018; Zopounidis et al., 2015), model‐free information (Sun et al., 2011), heuristic solution methods (Aguilar‐Rivera et al., 2015; da Costa Moraes & Nagano, 2013; Ponsich et al., 2013; Tapia & Coello Coello, 2007), and visual analytics (Flood et al., 2016; Savikhin et al., 2011). Beyond the academic literature, the use of quantitative decision support tools by financial firms (e.g., banks, hedge funds, insurers) has proliferated in recent years, driven by growth in computing power, big data, algorithms, and visualization software (Fabozzi et al., 2007; Rundo et al., 2019; Zopounidis et al., 2018).…”