In the context of a globalized and digitalized market economy, the role of corporate financial investment has become increasingly crucial. The primary objective of this study is to understand the impact of the market economy on corporate financial investment, reveal its challenges, and propose optimization strategies. We first provide a brief introduction to the concept and fundamental theory of corporate financial investment. Then, using qualitative analysis methods, we explore the impact of the market economy on corporate financial investment. We find that under the backdrop of a market economy, corporate financial investment confronts numerous challenges, such as deficiencies and biases in formulating and implementing investment strategies, challenges of high-risk investment decisions, shortage of financial market knowledge and analytical skills, as well as issues related to adapting to emerging financial technologies. However, by developing optimization strategies like bridging the gap in investment strategy, tackling high-risk investment challenges, enhancing financial market knowledge and analytical abilities, and leveraging financial technology, enterprises can better cope with these challenges and optimize their financial investments. The results of our study offer practical strategies for enterprises to conduct financial investment in a market economy context.