Financial Awards and Their Effect on Football Players’ Anxiety and Coping Skills

Kaplánová, Adriana

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01148

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Concentrating on winning as a form of coping with stress may be a reflection of such a tendency in sports where athletes seek external rewards, whether material (medals, cups, or financial gratification) or immaterial (e.g., social prestige). Nevertheless, it should be emphasized that inappropriate forms of external motivation may decrease or eliminate an athlete’s internal motivation [ 28 ] or increase one’s cognitive anxiety [ 29 ]; thus, the way coaches or club managers offer praise or motivate their athletes is very important. Furthermore, the reason that mental techniques are rarely used as coping strategies is uncertain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of Cognitive Appraisal and Undertaken Coping Strategies during Sport Competitions

Litwic-Kamińska

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main aim of the research was to distinguish different types of sport competition appraisals and verify if athletes’ interpretation of a stressful situation changed their choice of coping methods. Athletes change their perception during competitions; thus, we assumed that configuration of different ways of interpreting stressful events is more important for coping than one particular appraisal. In total, 193 athletes filled out The Stress Appraisal Questionnaire and The Sport Stress-Coping Strategies Questionnaire to describe their stress appraisals and undertaken coping strategies during a remembered competition that took place within a month before the study. The athletes most often appraised stressful competitions as a challenge. They preferred the coping strategy of being determined to accomplish the established goal. The athletes hardly applied techniques that constituted the basis of mental training. The cluster analysis of the competitors determined three types of sport competition appraisals: positive, negative, and active. An ANOVA with post hoc comparisons showed that participants who revealed positive appraisals undertook the highest number of actions aimed at reaching goals and least frequently sought support. Athletes should be taught not only specific strategies for coping with stress, but also more frequent use of positive judgments of sports competitions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of Cognitive Appraisal and Undertaken Coping Strategies during Sport Competitions

Litwic-Kamińska

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Swann et al [22] reported that commitment in elite golfers, including pre-shot routines, psychological interventions, and a healthy physical state, were important factors for good performance. Similar to perfectionism, sport commitment was associated with the attitude of coaches and parental pressure [23,24], and can disrupt cognitive, emotional, and behavioral aspects of sport performance [25]. Taken together, mental fatigue induced by perfectionism in golfers may impair performance and sport commitment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of Perfectionism and Commitment between Professional and Amateur Golfers and the Association between Perfectionism and Commitment in the Two Groups

Nam

Han

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigated differences in perfectionist traits and commitment between professional and amateur golfers, as well as correlations among perfectionist traits, commitment, and golf handicap. Using simple random sampling, 486 professional golfers (mean age = 22.1 ± 3.0, 52.1% female) and 233 amateur golfers (mean age = 44.8 ± 10.2, 55.8% female) were recruited and assessed using the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS) and Expansion of Sports Commitment Model (ESCM). An ANCOVA, controlling for age, golf career length, and training time, revealed lower MPS self-oriented scores (10.3%; F = 8.9, p < 0.01; effect size [ES] = 0.498) and higher ESCM-Cognition (12.6%; F = 9.4, p < 0.01; ES = 0.691) and ESCM-Behavior (9.4%; F = 4.6, p = 0.03; ES = 0.479) scores in professional golfers than in amateur golfers. In partial correlations controlling for age, golf career length, and training time, professional golfers’ MPS scores were negatively associated with ESCM-Cognition scores (r = -0.30, p < 0.001). Professional golfers’ mean golf handicap was positively correlated with MPS total (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). Altogether, golfers seeking to attain high levels of performance must consider the mental aspect of golfing and find ways to maximize commitment levels while minimizing perfectionist traits.

show abstract

“…While real stressors really threaten and disrupt the quality of life of athletes, potential stressors are related to the ability to imagine a stressor in such quality and intensity that they evoke the same physiological response as a real stressor (Steimer, 2002 ; Godoy et al, 2018 ; Kaplánová, 2020 ). This is related to the cognitive component of anxiety, which is responsible for fear and worries from poor sports performance, loss of popularity, or financial benefits, which have proven to be a significant factor in increasing the cognitive component of anxiety (Kaplánová, 2020 ). Worries and the fear of failure elicit a physiological response from the body to the fact that a stressor is present at a given moment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Worries and the fear of failure elicit a physiological response from the body to the fact that a stressor is present at a given moment. Irregular breathing causes stiffness in several muscle groups, often associated with increased respiratory rate, gastric tremors, excessive sweating, or excessive loss of saliva, for which the somatic component of anxiety is responsible (Martens et al, 1990 ; Heer et al, 2014 ; Jackson et al, 2017 ; Kaplánová, 2019b , 2020 ; Sun et al, 2020 ). In team sports, higher levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety are associated with disruption concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It turned out that more anxious athletes achieved lower peaking under pressure and lost their positive and enthusiastic attitude responsible for a bounce back from mistakes and failures. The higher level of the cognitive component of anxiety has made the coach's constructive criticism more hurtful, and football players took it too personally, which is also one of the reasons why attention is currently focused more on competitive anxiety and effective ways to reduce its level (Kaplánová, 2019a , c , 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Competitive Anxiety, and Guilt and Shame Proneness From Perspective Type D and Non-type D Football Players

Kaplánová

2021

Front. Psychol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The precompetitive, competitive, and postcompetitive mental states of athletes are currently not sufficiently researched. Long-term exposure to stressors contributes to the formation of mental blocks and leads to various health problems. One of the factors that can explain the variability of athletes' reactions to stress is their personality. This study is the first to examine competitive anxiety, and guilt and shame proneness in the context of the reaction of football players to distress in sports. The study consists of 112 male football players aged 16–24 (21.00 ± 1.90) who were divided into type D and non-type D football players according to scoring on the Denollet Scale (DS14). Football players also filled out the Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS-2) and the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). The taxonomic approach was conducted to test and to examine differences in stressor intensity as a function of type D personality. A correlation, multivariate analysis of variance, and regression analysis were performed in the study. We found that type D football players were more afraid of failures in sports (worry), felt more often autonomous excitement concentrated in the stomach and muscles (somatic anxiety), and showed more frequent concentration disruption than did non-type D football players. We also found that although type D football players were more likely to rate their behavior as negative and inappropriate, they showed a much greater effort to correct it than did non-type D football players. Negative affectivity and social inhibition of type D football players were positively correlated with competitive anxiety. In addition, we noted lower levels of somatic anxiety and lower concentration disruption for football players who used escape strategies to manage stress. The shame proneness subscale monitoring negative self-evaluation was also closely related to the concentration disruption of football players. We found that the examination of athletes by type D personality is necessary due to the fact that negative affectivity and social inhibition are significant predictors of competitive anxiety of football players, which explains their worries at 24.0%, somatic anxiety at 8.2%, and concentration disruption at 10.6%.

show abstract

Financial Awards and Their Effect on Football Players’ Anxiety and Coping Skills

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Types of Cognitive Appraisal and Undertaken Coping Strategies during Sport Competitions

Types of Cognitive Appraisal and Undertaken Coping Strategies during Sport Competitions

The Comparison of Perfectionism and Commitment between Professional and Amateur Golfers and the Association between Perfectionism and Commitment in the Two Groups

Competitive Anxiety, and Guilt and Shame Proneness From Perspective Type D and Non-type D Football Players

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About