“…However, the dynamic of integration in the mobility market, which is in fact also present in most other urban services (Baraud-Serfaty et al, 2017), challenges public authorities to link together the new forms of public and private transport, including those based on the car. The challenge lies in particular in the role of public transport within the global offering of transport services, against a background of upheavals linked with competition from new operators (like CityMapper in London with SmartBus) and car-based shared mobility services which operate on a preset route model, now being offered in certain cities by Uber and Lyft, or Blablacar in France.…”