Final design of the ITER outer vessel steady-state magnetic sensors

Kočan, M.; Ďuran, I.; Entler, Slavomír; Vayakis, G.; Carmona, J. M.; Gitton, Philippe B.; Guirao, J.; Gonzalez, Marcial; Iglesias, Silvia; Pascual, Q.; Sandford, G.; Vacas, C.; Walsh, Mike; Walton, R.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.043

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A significant achievement of the research program is the developed steady-state magnetic field diagnostics based on the temperature and radiation resistant Hall sensors with the sensitive layer made of bismuth, which has been approved for ITER already [15]. Bismuth provides a suitable temperature operation range, high radiation resistance of the sensors as well as a relatively high output signal [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. At the time of writing this article, the sensors for ITER are being calibrated, and the process of installation into the reactor will begin in 2021.…”

Section: Sensitive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ceramic-chromium sensors are the result of long-term research and development of metal Hall sensors at the Institute of Plasma Physics of CAS in Prague (IPP) [ 14 ]. A significant achievement of the research program is the developed steady-state magnetic field diagnostics based on the temperature and radiation resistant Hall sensors with the sensitive layer made of bismuth, which has been approved for ITER already [ 15 ]. Bismuth provides a suitable temperature operation range, high radiation resistance of the sensors as well as a relatively high output signal [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ceramic-Chromium Hall Sensors for Environments with High Temperatures and Neutron Radiation

Entler

Šobáň

Ďuran

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Ceramic-chromium Hall sensors represent a temperature and radiation resistant alternative to Hall sensors based on semiconductors. Demand for these sensors is presently motivated by the ITER and DEMO nuclear fusion projects. The developed ceramic-chromium Hall sensors were tested up to a temperature of 550 °C and a magnetic field of 14 T. The magnitude of the sensitivity of the tested sensor was 6.2 mV/A/T at 20 °C and 4.6 mV/A/T at 500 °C. The sensitivity was observed to be weakly dependent on a temperature above 240 °C with an average temperature coefficient of 0.014%/°C and independent of the magnetic field with a relative average deviation below the measurement accuracy of 0.086%. A simulation of a neutron-induced transmutation was performed to assess changes in the composition of the chromium. After 5.2 operational years of the DEMO fusion reactor, the transmuted fraction of the chromium sensitive layer was found to be 0.27% at the most exposed sensor location behind the divertor cassette with a neutron fluence of 6.08 × 1025 n/m2. The ceramic-chromium Hall sensors show the potential to be suitable magnetic sensors for environments with high temperatures and strong neutron radiation.

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Section: Sensitive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic-Chromium Hall Sensors for Environments with High Temperatures and Neutron Radiation

Entler

Šobáň

Ďuran

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…Plasma current measurement accuracy High range [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Relative accuracy of %1 Low range [0- 1 MA] Absolute accuracy of 10 kA Fig. 1.…”

Section: Optical Fiber Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To overcome this problem, two types of steady-state sensors placed outside the vacuum vessel are included in the ITER magnetic diagnostics system: Hall sensors and FOCS (Fiber Optics Current Sensor) [5]. Hall sensors based systems will provide local measurements of the tangential and normal components of the magnetic field [6]. In ITER, three poloidal arrays of 60 sensors will be welded to the vacuum vessel outer skin and distributed toroidally in three vacuum vessel sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Faraday mirror imperfections in a fiber optic current sensor dedicated to ITER

Karabulut

Miazin

Gusarov

et al. 2019

Fusion Engineering and Design

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Plasma current measurements in ITER are safety-related and must therefore satisfy a very demanding specification. In this paper, the use of the Fiber Optics Current Sensor (FOCS) operating in the reflection mode with a Faraday mirror to perform plasma current measurements is analyzed. Based on the Jones matrix formalism, we performed numerical simulations to investigate the impact of the Faraday mirror detuning on the measurement accuracy. We show that the use of standard commercial components does not allow to satisfy the ITER requirements for the whole plasma current range. A simple solution to the problem is proposed, which consists in taking into account a mirror calibration in the current estimator. We show that the achievable mirror calibration accuracy is sufficient to fulfill the ITER requirements.

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“…According to the principles, magnetometers for constant magnetic eld [7][8][9][10][11] include uxgate magnetometer, Hall sensor, anisotropic magneto-resistive sensor (AMR), giant magneto impedance (GMI), nuclear magnetic resonance eld meter, etc. Magnetometers for measuring alternating magnetic eld [12][13][14][15][16] include the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), induction coil magnetometer, etc. These magnetometers mentioned above have their advantages and some limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%