Final Decentrations

Brandtstädter, Jochen; Rothermund, Klaus; Kranz, Dirk; Kühn, Waldemar

doi:10.1027/1016-9040/a000019

Cited by 103 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…We postulate that individuals' self-reported temporal extension to engage in an active and stimulating lifestyle may show positive reciprocal associations with cognitive functioning, which, in part, may be mediated by their motivation to select cognitively challenging life goals. The latter claim can be derived from prominent lifespan psychological theories that address the relationship between motivational focus and future time horizons [10,11]. In this context, prior work has used the Future Time Perspective scale (FTP) [12] to capture individuals' global perceptions of their overall time left to live.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subjective Health Horizon Questionnaire (SHH-Q): Assessing Future Time Perspectives for Facets of an Active Lifestyle

Düzel

Voelkle

Düzel³

et al. 2016

Gerontology

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Background: A wider subjective time horizon is assumed to be positively associated with longevity and vitality. In particular, a lifestyle with exposure to novel and varied information is considered beneficial for healthy cognitive aging. At present, measures that specifically assess individuals' perceived temporal extension to engage in active lifestyles in the future are not available. Objectives: We introduce and validate a new self-report measure, the Subjective Health Horizon Questionnaire (SHH-Q). The SHH-Q assesses individuals' future time perspectives in relation to four interrelated but distinct lifestyle dimensions: (1) novelty-oriented exploration (Novelty), (2) bodily fitness (Body), (3) work goals (Work), and (4) goals in life (Life Goals). The present study aims at: (a) validating the hypothesized factor structure of the SHH-Q, according to which the SHH-Q consists of four interrelated but distinct subscales, and (b) testing the hypothesis that the Novelty and Body subscales of the SHH-Q show positive and selective associations with markers of cognition and somatic health, respectively. Methods: Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed data from 1,371 healthy individuals (51% women) with a mean age of 70.1 years (SD = 3.6) who participated in the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) and completed the SHH-Q. Results: As predicted, the SHH-Q formed four correlated but distinct subscales: (1) Novelty, (2) Body, (3) Work, and (4) Life Goals. Greater self-reported future novelty orientation was associated with higher current memory performance, and greater future expectations regarding bodily fitness with better current metabolic status. Conclusion: The SHH-Q reliably assesses individual differences in four distinct dimensions of future time perspective. Two of these dimensions, Novelty and Body, show differential associations with cognitive status and somatic health. The SHH-Q may serve as a tool to assess how different facets of future time perspective relate to somatic health, cognition, motivation, and affect, and may help to identify the socioeconomic and individual antecedents, correlates, and consequences of an active lifestyle.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Subjective Health Horizon Questionnaire (SHH-Q): Assessing Future Time Perspectives for Facets of an Active Lifestyle

Düzel

Voelkle

Düzel³

et al. 2016

Gerontology

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“…However, the development of free will can also reflect purposive development. In adulthood, this is generally seen as involving goal-setting (Brandtstädter, Rothermund, Kranz, & Kühn, 2010). However, self-regulation -and, more specifically, the development of mindfulnesscan also be seen as a form of purposive development (Levenson & Aldwin, 2013).…”

Section: How Does Free Will Develop?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Developmental Systems Theories Cope With Free Will? The Importance of Stress-Related Growth and Mindfulness

Aldwin¹

2018

The Study of Human Development

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Science is in the midst of a Kuhnian paradigm shift, from causal, deterministic models to more probabilistic ones that emphasize systems approaches. However, systems theory is still primarily deterministic and does not readily integrate the construct of free will. In the developmental sciences, this shift has been manifesting in relational developmental systems theories (RSDTs) which highlight multi-level analyses, interindividual differences in intraindividual change, and coaction with the context. While agency is an important component in RSDTs, it is unclear how it develops. We argue that free will is a developmental construct, and that the process of the development of free will can arise in two ways: from life-changing encounters with major stressors which result in recognizing limiting influences on one's life and the development of greater selfawareness; and purposive development to increase self-regulation and mindfulness. Through purposive, mindful co-action, the individual and the network can co-evolve in positive ways.

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“…The adjustment of personal goals is important, as continued goal pursuit and achievement are considered prerequisites for maintaining satisfactory levels of well-being (Boudreaux & Ozer, 2013;Muller & Spitz, 2010). Cancer is a common reason why goals can become disturbed (e.g., because of the physical consequences of the illness and treatment) and may require adjustment (Brandtst€ adter, Rothermund, Kranz, & K€ uhn, 2010;Thompson, Stanton, & Bower, 2013;Von Blanckenburg et al, 2014). However, goal disturbance is not the only reason for patients with cancer to adjust their goals; changes in life perspective due to the confrontation with the finiteness of life may also lead to a re-evaluation of life goals (Brandtst€ adter et al, 2010;Carstensen, Isaacowitz, & Charles, 1999).…”

Section: What Does This Study Add?mentioning

confidence: 99%

People with cancer use goal adjustment strategies in the first 6 months after diagnosis and tell us how

Janse

Ranchor

Smink

et al. 2015

British J Health Psychol

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What is already known on this subject? The successful pursuit of personal goals is important for maintaining well-being. However, an unexpected and serious illness such as cancer can lead to the need to adjust goals, either because they have become difficult or impossible to attain due to physical hindrance of the illness and/or its treatment, or because other goals have become important due to the confrontation with the fragility of life. Theories have proposed options of how people may deal with their personal goals, but whether these so-called goal adjustment strategies are actually used by cancer patients, and whether there are alternative strategies we need to take into account, is still unclear. What does this study add? This study employs a qualitative method of data collection to study what actually happens to cancer patients' goals during the first 6 months after diagnosis. This study found that almost all goal adjustment strategies from theory are indeed used by cancer patients and that they mostly use strategies which involve only limited adjustment and a continued focus on the original goal. We found that patients with cancer use combinations of strategies and two alternative strategies, thereby complementing and expanding theories on goal adjustment.

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Final Decentrations

Cited by 103 publications

References 48 publications

The Subjective Health Horizon Questionnaire (SHH-Q): Assessing Future Time Perspectives for Facets of an Active Lifestyle

The Subjective Health Horizon Questionnaire (SHH-Q): Assessing Future Time Perspectives for Facets of an Active Lifestyle

How Can Developmental Systems Theories Cope With Free Will? The Importance of Stress-Related Growth and Mindfulness

People with cancer use goal adjustment strategies in the first 6 months after diagnosis and tell us how

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