Filtration characteristics of a mineral mud with regard to turbulent shearing

Experimental determination of the characteristics of physico-chemical particles in air-scouring-membrane (microfiltration) backwash water produced during drinking water treatment

“…Because the structure and strength of flocs produced under various coagulation conditions (e.g., pH and coagulant doses) are inconsistent with each other, it is difficult to evaluate the impact of coagulation on flux or membrane performance (Katsuki et al, 2008;Lee et al, 2000;Wang et al, 2008). Several researchers have reported that the strength and size distribution of flocs produced during the pre-coagulation step strongly affect the flux of the membrane operation (Lee et al, 2003;Park et al, 2006;Bizi, 2008;Zularisam et al, 2009). For the aluminum-salt-based coagulation step, the characteristics of the flocs are dictated by the mechanisms of various hydrolyzing aluminum species (Lin et al, 2008a,b,c).…”

Effect of coagulation mechanism on membrane permeability in coagulation-assisted microfiltration for spent filter backwash water recycling

“…On the other hand, strong PCN and CN flocs produce less compressible cake during membrane filtration, resulting in the high membrane permeability. Bizi [25] noticed that in addition to cake porosity, distribution spreading index (DSI) of floc size distribution also played a critical role in specific cake resistance, where the minimum specific cake resistance occurred at the highest cake porosity and lowest DSI. Higher DSI means the broader size distribution of particles.…”

“…However, inconsistent results for filtration performance were observed due to the variation in floc structure under different operating conditions, such as pH and the dosage of coagulants [19][20][21]. Researchers have also suggested that the enhancement of membrane permeability was strongly related to the strength and size distribution of the flocs [22][23][24][25][26]. For Al-based coagulation, the property of the flocs is dictated by the mechanism of coagulation induced by various hydrolyzing Al species [27].…”