Filtration characterisation and specific surface area measurement of activated sludge by Rhodamine B adsorption

Modeling Anion Adsorption on Kaolinite

“…Site densities of kaolinite were calculated using crystallographic data (5); namely, ϾAlOH ϭ 5 sites/nm 2 ; ϾSiOH ϭ 0.6 sites/nm 2 . Specific surface area (12 m 2 /g) was determined by a recently modified chemical method (10).…”

Adsorption Characteristics of Dye onto Sludge Particulates

“…[16], thus the specific surface area of the particulates can be calculated using the following equation: [18] where S ϭ the specific surface area (m 2 /g); ⌫ m ϭ the monolayer dye adsorption density (mol/g-SS); N ϭ the Avogadro's number (6.023 ϫ 10 23 molecules/mole); A ϭ the area occupied by a single dye molecule (m 2 /molecule). Comparing with other methods used for specific surface area determination, such as BET method (20,21) and permeametry (22), the dye adsorption method can be performed under in situ conditions. The primary, secondary, and tertiary sludge samples collected at different wastewater treatment plants in Wil- mington, DE, Philadelphia, PA, Baltimore, MD, and Washington, DC, at different times were used.…”

“…Smith and Coackley (19) and Sorensen and Wakeman 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. (22) used dye adsorption method to determine the specific surface area of sludge particulates. Smith and Coackley (21) used an anionic dye, new coccine dye (Lissamine Scarlet 4R) as an adsorbate, while Sorensen and Wakeman (22) used a cationic dye, rhodamine B.…”

Modification of Rhodamine WT tracer tests procedure in activated sludge reactors

“…Studies have shown that another dye tracer Rhodamine B is not recommended for tracer tests due to susceptibility to sorption to sediments, but was used for specific surface area measurement of activated sludge [13].…”