Filtered x-ray diode diagnostics fielded on the <i>Z</i> accelerator for source power measurements

Chandler, G. A.; Deeney, C.; Cuneo, M. E.; Fehl, D. L.; McGurn, J.; Spielman, R. B.; Torres, J. A.; McKenney, J. L.; Mills, J. A.; Struve, K. W.

doi:10.1063/1.1149355

Cited by 94 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…10 and 19 are equivalent; however, Eq. 19 gives T,(t) as a function of f~, fW, T~, and TW, quantities that can be directly measured as a function of time in a hohlraum experiment [83,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106].…”

Section: T (Xw and Qc-in Terms Of Directly-measurable Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytic models of high-temperature hohlraums

et al. 2001

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Section: T (Xw and Qc-in Terms Of Directly-measurable Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytic models of high-temperature hohlraums

et al. 2001

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“…The central top anode electrode of the load had a 5 mm diameter circular aperture to facilitate the observation of the pinch from the top by a suite of axial diagnostics similar to those of the side LOS. The side LOS were oriented 12 above the pinch middle plane and contained among others a five-channel x-ray diode (XRD) array, 19 five diamond photo-conducting detectors, three nickel bolometers integrating the radiated power during a 40 ns interval, 20,21 and four microchannel plate pinhole cameras. Different pinhole sizes and filters were used to selfimage the pinch in selected regions of the emitted x-ray spectrum.…”

Section: Experimental Arrangementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wire number dependence of the implosion dynamics, stagnation, and radiation output of tungsten wire arrays at Z driver

et al. 2011

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We report results of the experimental campaign, which studied the initiation, implosion dynamics, and radiation yield of tungsten wire arrays as a function of the wire number. The wire array dimensions and mass were those of interest for the Z-pinch driven Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) program. An optimization study of the x-ray emitted peak power, rise time, and full width at half maximum was effectuated by varying the wire number while keeping the total array mass constant and equal to $5.8 mg. The driver utilized was the $20-MA Z accelerator before refurbishment in its usual short pulse mode of 100 ns. We studied single arrays of 20-mm diameter and 1-cm height. The smaller wire number studied was 30 and the largest 600. It appears that 600 is the highest achievable wire number with present day's technology. Radial and axial diagnostics were utilized including crystal monochromatic x-ray backlighter. An optimum wire number of $375 was observed which was very close to the routinely utilized 300 for the ICF program in Sandia.

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“…A 5 μm kimfol filtered x-ray detector (XRD) [24] was normalized to the average yield in order to quote peak x-ray power. This waveform was integrated in order to quote yield in the pre-pulse (defined as the time prior to the extrapolation of the 20-80% rise to zero), yield to peak power, and yield in the main x-ray pulse (defined as to the back side of the FWHM).…”

Section: Description Of X-ray Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact wire array sources: power scaling and implosion physics.

Serrano¹,

Chuvatin

Jones³

et al. 2008

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A series of ten shots were performed on the Saturn generator in short pulse mode in order to study planar and small-diameter cylindrical tungsten wire arrays at ∼5 MA current levels and 50-60 ns implosion times as candidates for compact z-pinch radiation sources. A new vacuum hohlraum configuration has been proposed in which multiple z pinches are driven in parallel by a pulsed power generator. Each pinch resides in a separate return current cage, serving also as a primary hohlraum. A collection of such radiation sources surround a compact secondary hohlraum, which may potentially provide an attractive Planckian radiation source or house an inertial confinement fusion fuel capsule. Prior to studying this concept experimentally or numerically, advanced compact wire array loads must be developed and their scaling behavior understood. The 2008 Saturn planar array experiments extend the data set presented in Ref.[1], which studied planar arrays at ∼3 MA, 100 ns in Saturn long pulse mode. Planar wire array power and yield scaling studies now include current levels directly applicable to multi-pinch experiments that could be performed on the 25 MA Z machine. A maximum total x-ray power of 15 TW (250 kJ in the main pulse, 330 kJ total yield) was observed with a 12-mm-wide planar array at 5.3 MA, 52 ns. The full data set indicates power scaling that is sub-quadratic with load current, while total and main pulse yields are closer to quadratic; these trends are similar to observations of compact cylindrical tungsten arrays on Z. We continue the investigation of energy coupling in these short pulse Saturn experiments using zero-dimensional-type implosion modeling and pinhole imaging, indicating 16 cm/μs implosion velocity in a 12-mm-wide array. The same phenomena of significant trailing mass and evidence for resistive heating are observed at 5 MA as at 3 MA. 17 kJ of Al K-shell radiation was obtained in one Al planar array fielded at 5.5 MA, 57 ns and we compare this to cylindrical array results in the context of a K-shell yield scaling model. We have also performed an initial study of compact 3 mm diameter cylindrical wire arrays, which are alternate candidates for a multi-pinch vacuum hohlraum concept. These massive 3.4 and 6 mg/cm loads may have been impacted by opacity, producing a maximum x-ray power of 7 TW at 4.5 MA, 45 ns. Future research directions in compact x-ray sources are discussed. 4 AcknowledgmentWe thank M. Lopez (1675), G. T. Liefeste (1675), and J. L. Porter (1670) for providing load hardware and diagnostic support; L.B. Nielsen-Weber (1675) and D.S. Nielsen (1675) for extensive support of diagnostic installation, fielding, and film processing;

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Filtered x-ray diode diagnostics fielded on the Z accelerator for source power measurements

Cited by 94 publications

References 13 publications

Analytic models of high-temperature hohlraums

Analytic models of high-temperature hohlraums

Wire number dependence of the implosion dynamics, stagnation, and radiation output of tungsten wire arrays at Z driver

Compact wire array sources: power scaling and implosion physics.

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