Filterable Viruses a Critical Review

Rivers, Thomas M.

doi:10.1128/jb.14.4.217-258.1927

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 122 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We also note that we did not measure immunity (or reproductive energetic expenditure) directly, nor is it clear how immunity regulates infection or shedding of the viruses we identified. However, because viruses are obligate intracellular molecular parasites [93], viral systems may be particularly suited to examining immunological trade-offs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees

Negrey

Thompson

Langergraber

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In humans, senescence increases susceptibility to viral infection. However, comparative data on viral infection in free-living non-human primates—even in our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and bonobos ( Pan troglodytes and P. paniscus )—are relatively scarce, thereby constraining an evolutionary understanding of age-related patterns of viral infection. We investigated a population of wild eastern chimpanzees ( P. t. schweinfurthii ), using metagenomics to characterize viromes (full viral communities) in the faeces of 42 sexually mature chimpanzees (22 males, 20 females) from the Kanyawara and Ngogo communities of Kibale National Park, Uganda. We identified 12 viruses from at least four viral families possessing genomes of both single-stranded RNA and single-stranded DNA. Faecal viromes of both sexes varied with chimpanzee age, but viral richness increased with age only in males. This effect was largely due to three viruses, salivirus, porprismacovirus and chimpanzee stool-associated RNA virus (chisavirus), which occurred most frequently in samples from older males. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that selection on males for early-life reproduction compromises investment in somatic maintenance, which has delayed consequences for health later in life, in this case reflected in viral infection and/or shedding. Faecal viromes are therefore useful for studying processes related to the divergent reproductive strategies of males and females, ageing, and sex differences in longevity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process'.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees

Negrey

Thompson

Langergraber

et al. 2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The CSG is responsible for assessing Box 1 | Virus discovery and naming: from disease-based to phenotype-free Understanding the cause of a specific disease that spreads among individuals of the same host species (infectivity) was the major driving force for the discovery of the first virus in plants, and subsequently many others in all forms of life, including humans. Historically, the range of diseases and hosts that specific viruses are associated with have been the two key characteristics used to define viruses, given that they are invisible to the naked eye 46 . Viral phenotypic features include those that, like a disease, are predominantly shaped by virus-host interactions including transmission rate or immune correlates of protection, and others that are largely virus-specific, such as the architecture of virus particles.…”

Section: Defining the Place Of Sars-cov-2 Within The Coronaviridaementioning

confidence: 99%

The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2

Gorbalenya¹,

Baker²,

Baric³

et al. 2020

Nat Microbiol

6,117

3,085

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present outbreak of a coronavirus-associated acute respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the third documented spillover of an animal coronavirus to humans in only two decades that has resulted in a major epidemic. The Coronaviridae Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is responsible for developing the classification of viruses and taxon nomenclature of the family Coronaviridae, has assessed the placement of the human pathogen, tentatively named 2019-nCoV, within the Coronaviridae. Based on phylogeny, taxonomy and established practice, the CSG recognizes this virus as forming a sister clade to the prototype human and bat severe acute respiratory syndrome corona- viruses (SARS-CoVs) of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, and designates it as SARS-CoV-2. In order to facilitate communication, the CSG proposes to use the following naming convention for individual isolates: SARS-CoV-2/host/location/isolate/date. While the full spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans remains to be determined, the independent zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for studying viruses at the species level to complement research focused on individual pathogenic viruses of immediatesignificance. This will improve our understanding of virus-host interactions in an ever-changing environment and enhance our preparedness for future outbreaks.

show abstract

“…Understanding the cause of a specific disease that spreads among individuals of the same biological species (infectivity) was the major driving force for the discovery of the first virus, initially in plants, and many others in all types of life, including humans. The range of diseases and hosts that specific viruses were confirmed to be associated with have been the two key and most appreciated characteristics used to define viruses that are invisible to the naked eye due to their minute size 34 . They belong to the so-called phenotype of viruses, which includes those that -like a disease -are shaped by virus-host interactions, e.g.…”

Section: Box 1 Virus Discovery: From Disease-based To Phenotype-freementioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on effect of COVID-19 in pregnant women

Rahaman¹

2020

Trends Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present outbreak of lower respiratory tract infections, including respiratory distress syndrome, is the third spillover, in only two decades, of an animal coronavirus to humans resulting in a major epidemic. Here, the Coronavirus Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, which is responsible for developing the official classification of viruses and taxa naming (taxonomy) of the Coronaviridae family, assessed the novelty of the human pathogen tentatively named 2019-nCoV. Based on phylogeny, taxonomy and established practice, the CSG formally recognizes this virus as a sister to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) of the species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and designates it as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To facilitate communication, the CSG further proposes to use the following naming convention for individual isolates: SARS-CoV-2/Isolate/Host/Date/Location. The spectrum of clinical manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans remains to be determined. The independent zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for studying the entire (virus) species to complement research focused on individual pathogenic viruses of immediate significance. This research will improve our understanding of virus-host interactions in an ever-changing environment and enhance our preparedness for future outbreaks.

show abstract

Filterable Viruses a Critical Review

Cited by 39 publications

References 122 publications

Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees

Demography, life-history trade-offs, and the gastrointestinal virome of wild chimpanzees

The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2

A systematic review on effect of COVID-19 in pregnant women

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About