Filter-Feeding Ecology of Aquatic Insects

Wallace, J. Bruce; Merritt, Richard W.

doi:10.1146/annurev.en.25.010180.000535

Cited by 388 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 165 publications

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“…The collector-gatherers, feeding on fine fragmented organic matter deposited in the sediment (Wallace and Webster, 1996), were numerically dominant during the lotic phase, when the stretch of river rapids were well developed. On the other hand, the collector-filterers, feeding on drifting particles (Wallace and Merritt, 1980), dominated the community during the semi-lentic phase, when pools and backwaters were the major habitats and sources of phytoplankton production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flow reduction and spillways on the composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a Brazilian river reach

Maroneze¹,

Tupinambás²,

França³

et al. 2011

Braz. J. Biol.

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Dams are a major threat to aquatic biological diversity. By altering the natural flow of rivers, dams modify fluvial habitats, making them unsuitable for the growth and reproduction of many aquatic species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a reduced flow reach (RFR) on benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected at six sites downstream of the Amador Aguiar Power Plant I before (lotic phase) and after (semi-lentic phase) Araguari River mean flow was reduced from 346 to 7 m 3 .s -1. Changes in macroinvertebrates richness, diversity and total biomass were not observed. Ablabesmyia, Tanytarsus (Chironomidae, Diptera), Leptoceridae and Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) densities significantly increased the first year after flow reduction and the construction of spillways (t-test; p < 0.05). An analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed statistical differences in taxonomical composition despite considerable overlap in communities between the lotic and semi-lentic phases (R = 0.3; p < 0.01). In both phases, the macroinvertebrates were characterised by the dominance of groups tolerant to human disturbance (e.g., Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae and Oligochaeta) and by the presence of the alien bivalve species Corbicula fluminea (Veneroidae), suggesting that the river was already degraded before the hydraulic modifications. Since the 1980s, the Araguari River has been continuously subjected to human pressures (e.g., cascade dams, urbanization and replacement of native vegetation by pasture and crops). These activities have led to impoverishment of biological communities and have consequently altered the ecosystem.Keywords: spillways, reduced flow, dams, benthic, anthrophic impacts.Efeitos da redução de vazão e construção de soleiras vertentes sobre a composição e estrutura de comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos em um trecho de rio brasileiro ResumoAs represas constituem uma das principais ameaças à diversidade biológica. Ao alterarem a vazão natural de um rio, modificam os habitats fluviais tornando-os inadequados para o crescimento e reprodução de diversas espécies aquáticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de um trecho de vazão reduzida sobre as comunidades de macroinvertebrados bentônicos. Os organismos foram coletados em seis estações amostrais à jusante da UHE Amador Aguiar I antes (fase lótica) e após (fase semilêntica) a vazão média do rio Araguari (MG) ter sido reduzida de 346 para 7 m 3 .s -1. Não foram registradas mudanças na riqueza, diversidade e biomassa total dos macroinvertebrados. As densidades (ind.m -2 ) de Ablabesmyia, Tanytarsus (Diptera), Leptoceridae e Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) aumentaram significativamente no primeiro ano após a redução da vazão e construção das soleiras vertentes (t-test; p < 0,05). Uma análise de similaridade (ANOSIM) apontou diferenças significativas na composição taxonômica, porém houve sobreposição das comunidades entre as fases lótica e semilêntica (R = 0,3; p < 0,01). Em ambas as fases a ma...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of flow reduction and spillways on the composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a Brazilian river reach

Maroneze¹,

Tupinambás²,

França³

et al. 2011

Braz. J. Biol.

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“…The silk production of caddis larvae corresponds to about 20% of their body tissue production [Huryn and Wallace, 1988]. Numerically, net-spinning hydropsychid caddis flies are a predominant group of lotic insects throughout the world [Wallace and Merritt, 1980]. Their annual body tissue production may be as high as 49 g dry weight m -2 (free-flowing river) or 352 g dry weight m -2 (impounded river) [Parker and Voshell, 1983].…”

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confidence: 99%

Silk‐producing stream insects and gravel erosion: Significant biological effects on critical shear stress

Statzner¹,

Arens²,

Champagne³

et al. 1999

Water Resources Research

105

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Abstract. There is growing evidence for impacts of small stream organisms on the transport of fine sediments. However, such impacts on the transport of coarser sediments remained unconsidered. Therefore we studied whether a silk-producing stream insect (Hydropsyche siltalai) consolidated gravel through silk fixed among gravel pieces. We exposed gravel for 2 months in a stream along a gradient of Hydropsyche abundance and measured the critical shear stress for this gravel in a laboratory flume. The critical gravel shear stress was very significantly (p -7.7 x 10-•) related to a variable (overall biomass) describing gravel consolidation by Hydropsyche silk. We showed that Hydropsyche in a range of abundance typical of many streams increases critical shear stress for gravel by as much as a factor of 2. Surface gravel arrangement (i.e., the spatial distribution and orientation of different gravel sizes and forms) had a less significant impact on critical shear stress, while other sediment variables so far considered in erosion had no significant impact. Future studies on the transport of solids and on habitat conditions should consider the high potential of stream invertebrates to consolidate gravel.

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“…They are known to remove fine particulate organic matter (FPOM; <1 mm diameter) from suspension (Wallace and Merritt, 1980). Benthic organisms may also regulate algal biomass (Basu and Pick, 1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in particulate organic matters and plankton populations in nature-like fishways: role of nature-like fish ways in water treatment

Hwang

Seo

Yoon

et al. 2017

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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-Nature-like fishways, designed to mimic a small natural stream, have been widely used in river restoration projects as well as in rivers with dams and weirs. Because they are built with diverse natural materials similar to those in natural streams, we aimed to estimate the self-purification ability of nature-like fishways. Monthly sampling was conducted at inlet and outlet points of two nature-like fishways in Korea: the Baekjae and Sejong fishways. Two artificial fishways and main river channels were also evaluated to be used as references. Suspended solids (SS), chlorophyll a (Chl. a), and plankton abundances were measured. A significant reduction in plankton abundances and decrease in SS and Chl. a were observed in nature-like fishways, and no significant changes were observed in concrete artificial fishways and main river channels. In Baekjae and Sejong fishways, average 28.2% and 14.9% of the SS concentrations were reduced, respectively. The Chl. a concentration also significantly decreased (44.8% and 29.8% in Baekjae and Sejong fishways, respectively). A decreasing pattern was more apparent in the Baekjae fishway, which is longer and has a slower water velocity. The rate of decrease was higher when SS and Chl. a concentrations were high at the inlet points. Thus, we confirmed that particulate organic matters could be reduced in nature-like fishways. However, the direct cause and purification process mechanisms in them could not be clearly identified. Further studies should examine the biological and chemical mechanisms in fishways, allowing us to estimate their capacity for self-purification.Keywords: self-purification / phytoplankton / zooplankton / suspended solid / chlorophyll a Résumé -Changements dans les matières organiques particulaires et les populations de plancton dans les passes de type « rivière artificielle » : rôle des passes de type « rivière artificielle » dans la qualité de l'eau. Des passes de type « rivière artificielle », conçues pour imiter un petit ruisseau naturel, ont été largement utilisées dans les projets de restauration des rivières ainsi que dans les rivières avec barrages et seuils. Parce qu'elles sont construites avec divers matériaux naturels semblables à ceux des cours d'eau naturels, nous avons cherché à estimer l'aptitude à l'auto-épuration des passes de type « rivière artificielle ». Des échantillonnages mensuels ont été effectués aux points d'entrée et de sortie de deux passes de type « rivière artificielle » en Corée : les passes à poissons Baekjae et Sejong. Les deux passes artificielles et les secteurs principaux de rivières ont également été évalués pour servir de référence. On a mesuré les solides en suspension (SS), la chlorophylle a (Chl. a) et les abondances du plancton. Une réduction significative de l'abondance du plancton et une diminution des SS et de Chl. a ont été observées dans les passes de type « rivière artificielle » et aucun changement significatif n'a été observé dans les passes artificielles et les secteurs principaux de la rivière. Dans ...

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Filter-Feeding Ecology of Aquatic Insects

Cited by 388 publications

References 165 publications

Effects of flow reduction and spillways on the composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a Brazilian river reach

Effects of flow reduction and spillways on the composition and structure of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a Brazilian river reach

Silk‐producing stream insects and gravel erosion: Significant biological effects on critical shear stress

Changes in particulate organic matters and plankton populations in nature-like fishways: role of nature-like fish ways in water treatment

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