Filter Cake Porosity and Permeability Profile Along the Horizontal Well and Their Impact on Filter Cake Removal

Bageri, Badr; Mahmoud, Mohamed; Al-Mutairi, Saleh Haif; Kuwait, Chevron; Abdulraheem, Abdulazeez

doi:10.2523/iptc-18465-ms

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The reported results showed that mixing the drilled sand particles with the drilling fluid while drilling had a significant impact on the drilling fluid properties [30,36]. Furthermore, integrating high sand content with the circulated drilling fluid produced a thicker filter cake, degraded the sealing properties of the filter cake, and allowed the solids to invade into the formation [30,37,38]. This will reduce the productivity of the well and will require additional costs in order to stimulate the near-wellbore area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arenite, Calcareous, Argillaceous, and Ferruginous Sandstone Cuttings on Filter Cake and Drilling Fluid Properties in Horizontal Wells

et al. 2019

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Fine, small-size, drilled cuttings, if not properly separated using mud conditioning equipment at the surface, are circulated with the drilling fluid from the surface to the bottom hole. These drilled cuttings have a significant effect on the drilling fluid properties and filter cake structure. During drilling long lateral sandstone formations, different cuttings with varied properties will be generated due to sandstone formations being heterogeneous and having different mineralogical compositions. Thus, the impact of these cuttings on the drilling fluid and filter cake properties will be different based on their mineralogy. In this paper, the effect of different sandstone formation cuttings, including arenite (quartz rich), calcareous (calcite rich), argillaceous (clay rich), and ferruginous (iron rich) sandstones, on the filter cake and drilling fluid properties was investigated. Cuttings of the mentioned sandstone formations were mixed with the drilling fluid to address the effect of these minerals on the filter cake thickness, porosity, and permeability. In addition, the effect of different sandstone formation cuttings on drilling fluid density and rheology, apparent viscosity (AV), plastic viscosity PV), and yield point (YP) was investigated. High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) fluid loss test was conducted to form the filter cake. The core sample’s petrophysical properties were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of this work indicated that all cutting types increased the rheological properties when added to the drilling fluid at the same loadings but the argillaceous sandstone (clay rich) has a dominant effect compared to the other types because the higher clay content enhanced the rheology. From the filter cake point of view, the ferruginous sandstone improved the filter cake sealing properties and reduced its thickness, while the argillaceous cuttings degraded the filter cake porosity and permeability and allowed the finer cuttings to penetrate deeply in the filter medium.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Arenite, Calcareous, Argillaceous, and Ferruginous Sandstone Cuttings on Filter Cake and Drilling Fluid Properties in Horizontal Wells

et al. 2019

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“…The solubility tests were conducted under a static condition to mimic the real field scale removal methodology during which the scale was soaked at static conditions for a certain soaking time to allow reaction between the acid and the scale in the well. The ratio of the scale weight to the removal fluid volume was decided as recommended by Bageri et al [47,48] to design the solid to liquid ratio for the scale removal operation. That solid to liquid ratio depends on the amount of scale formed along the tubing internal diameter and so, the weight of the scale can be determined from the scale density and the accumulated scale volume that causes a decrease in the tubing internal diameter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Environmentally Friendly Acid System for Iron Sulfide Scale Removal

Gamal¹,

Abdelgawad²,

Elkatatny³

2019

Sustainability

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Iron sulfide scale is a common problem in the oil and gas industry. The precipitation of the iron sulfide scale on the well completion tools or inside surface flow lines restricts the flow of the produced fluids and might affect the integrity of the pipelines or the surface and subsurface tools. Failure of the downhole completions tools will not only reduce the production rates but it might require workover and remedial operations that will add extra cost. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate a new environmentally friendly acid system (NEFAS) for iron sulfide scale removal using an actual field sample. The scale sample collected from a natural gas well is dominated by pyrrhotite (55%) in addition to calcite (21%), pyrite (8%), and torilite (6%) with minor traces of hibbingite, siderite, geothite, akaganeite, and mackinawite. High-temperature solubility tests were performed by soaking 2 g of the scale field sample with 20 cm3 of the NEFAS under static condition at 125 °C for different time periods (2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h). The solubility results were compared with commercial solutions for iron sulfide scale removal such as hydrochloric acid (15 wt.%), glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA, 20 wt.%), and high density converters (HDC-3) under the same conditions. The corrosion test was performed at 125 °C for the developed solution after mixing with 2 wt.% corrosion inhibitor (CI) and 2 wt.% corrosion intensifier (CIN). The results were compared with HCl (15 wt.%) under the same conditions. NEFAS consists of 75 wt.% biodegradable acid at pH of 0.04. NEFAS achieved 83 g/L solubility of iron sulfide scale after 6 h at 125 °C under static conditions. The solubility efficiency was very close to 15 wt.% HCl after 24 h where the solubility was 82 and 83 g/L for NEFAS and HCl, respectability. HDC-3 and GLDA (20 wt.%) achieved a lower scale solubility; 18 g/L and 65 g/L respectively, after 24 h. NEFAS achieved a corrosion rate of 0.211 kg/m2 after adding the CI and and CIN compared to 0.808 kg/m2 for HCl. The new environmentally friendly biodegradable acid system provides efficient performance for the scale removal without harming the environment and causing any side effects to the operation.

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“…Figure 1 shows a schematic of the filter cake through the wellbore. This filter cake saves the integrity of the wellbore during the drilling operation and reduces the fluid filtrate invasion [3][4][5][6]. To avoid any production restraint, the filter cake must be removed after completing drilling operations and before commencing production [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-Stage Calcium Carbonate Oil-Based Filter Cake Removal Using a New Biodegradable Acid System

Elkatatny

2019

Sustainability

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Removal of the oil-based filter cake is a complex task especially in horizontal and multilateral wells. The presence of oil makes the removal process more challenging because the oil coats the weighting materials and prevents acid-filter cake interaction. Therefore, different additives are required to change the wettability of the filter cake to enhance the removal efficiency. This paper introduces a new biodegradable acid system (NBAS) that can efficiently remove oil-based filter cake in horizontal and multilateral wells where calcium carbonate is used as a weighting agent. The new biodegradable acid system (NBAS) consists of 50 vol.% biodegradable acid and 5 vol.% mutual solvent, and the remaining percent is deionized water. High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) filtration experiments were performed to evaluate the filter cake removal efficiency and the retained permeability. The filtration and removal experiments were conducted using real core samples (Indiana limestone and Berea sandstone) at a temperature of 212 • F and 300 psi differential pressure. Afterward, the NBAS was evaluated by measuring physical properties and conducting corrosion, compatibility, and thermal stability studies. The obtained results showed that the NBAS was compatible and thermally stable for more than 48 h at 212 • F and 300 psi. The NBAS has a density of 1.05 g/cm 3 , viscosity of 1.47 cP, and surface tension of 32 dynes/cm at room temperature. The corrosion rate of the developed system was 0.03 lb/ft 2 , which is acceptable according to oil and gas industry best practices. Removal experiments showed that the filter cake was completely removed from the core samples. For Berea sandstone, 100% of the permeability was regained, while the retained permeability for Indiana limestone was 122.5%, confirming the complete removal of external and internal filter cake as well as core samples stimulation. The new acid system can be considered as an efficient solution for oil-based filter cake removal that is biodegradable and cost-effective, where the reservoir permeability can be regained in one-stage only.

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Filter Cake Porosity and Permeability Profile Along the Horizontal Well and Their Impact on Filter Cake Removal

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Arenite, Calcareous, Argillaceous, and Ferruginous Sandstone Cuttings on Filter Cake and Drilling Fluid Properties in Horizontal Wells

Effect of Arenite, Calcareous, Argillaceous, and Ferruginous Sandstone Cuttings on Filter Cake and Drilling Fluid Properties in Horizontal Wells

New Environmentally Friendly Acid System for Iron Sulfide Scale Removal

One-Stage Calcium Carbonate Oil-Based Filter Cake Removal Using a New Biodegradable Acid System

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