“…At the same time, the technology of cinema was used both in the production of opera shorts and in the recording of entire operas (a screen version of Richard Strauss's The Cavalier of the Rose was recorded in Austria 1926), even though both required separation from voice and body (cf. Joe, 2013;Ladd, 2018). Turning to more recent opera-film encounters, opera produced for film and television in the 1970s and 1980s (opera films), show how opera could be subsumed by the medium of film through, for example, visualizations concealing singing, or, conversely, a sense of opera's spectacular quality could be enhanced through editing (cf.…”