Film Deposition

Petty, Michael C.; Barlow, William

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3716-2_3

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 193 publications

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“…After etching, tips were washed in pure water and in isopropanol. The tip surface turned out to be hydrophobic, as indicated by the downward bending of the water meniscus when the stylus was immersed into the trough and, hence, provided a suitable surface for depositing an even number of monolayers (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature single-electron junction.

Facci¹,

Erokhin²,

Carrara³

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The design, realization, and test performances of an electronic junction based on single-electron phenomena that works in the air at room temperature are hereby reported. The element consists of an electrochemically etched sharp tungsten stylus over whose tip a nanometer-size crystal was synthesized. Langmuir-Blodgett films of cadmium arachidate were transferred onto the stylus and exposed to a H2S atmosphere to yield CdS nanocrystals (30-50 A in diameter) imbedded into an organic matrix. The stylus, biased with respect to a flat electrode, was brought to the tunnel distance from the film and a constant gap value was maintained by a piezo-electric actuator driven by a feedback circuit fed by the tunneling current. With this set-up, it is possible to measure the behavior of the current flowing through the quantum dot when a bias voltage is applied. Voltage-current characteristics measured in the system displayed singleelectron trends such as a Coulomb blockade and Coulomb staircase and revealed capacitance values as small as 10-19 F.For several years, single-electron phenomena have attracted the interest of researchers from basic and applied viewpoints (1-5). These kinds of phenomena can take place when a small conductive particle is placed between two electrodes and is spaced asymmetrically from them by two tunneling gaps. In this case, a quantized charging of the particle resulting in the quantized increase of the current that flows through the system when a bias voltage is applied is observed. The conditions for achieving such a situation imply that the capacitance C of the structure is small enough to make the charging energy of the junction (e2/2C) exceed the thermal energy kT. Namely, roomtemperature monoelectron junctions typically require particles not larger than several nanometers in diameter (quantum dots) (6-9).The possibility of controlling the signal at the level of a single electron will allow the realization of a new class of devices (3)(4)(5)10). These new electronic junction can be foreseen to display very low energy consumption, an ultra-high scale of integration, and fast commutation time.The increasing interest in monoelectron phenomena has stimulated researchers to develop techniques for forming suitable junctions. The main efforts have focused upon the minimization of the element sizes by exploiting lithography processes. Striking results have been recently achieved in this field (11-13). As an alternative to this approach, techniques for nanoparticle formation, localization, and contacting with scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip have been developed. Consequently, low (14-18) and room (6, 7) temperature monoelectron phenomena have been reported on nanoclusters of various natures and have been synthesized by different methods involving physical and chemical approaches. Among the different methods for producing these granules, one of the most promising seems to be that based on the synthesis of nanometer-size semiconducting granules from LangmuirBlodgett (LB) film precursors (7)....

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-temperature single-electron junction.

Facci¹,

Erokhin²,

Carrara³

et al. 1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…LB films were formed in an LB trough [17] (MDT corp.) of size 240 mm • 100mm and volume 300 ml; the compression speed was 0.2 mm s-1. Twenty layers were transferred onto a sapphire substrate with aluminium electrodes previously cleaned with ethanol and chloroform, by Langmui~Schaefer methods [18] at 20 nN m-2 surface pressure.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the degradation of conducting Langmuir-Blodgett films

Carrara

Gussoni

Erokhin

et al. 1995

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Direct current through conducting Langmuir-Blodgett films was observed as a function of the applied voltage and alternating current as a function of frequency. In some cases voltage-current characteristics appeared to be quasi-ohmic but in other cases they exhibited tunnelling-like behaviour. This phenomenon was interpreted as being due to the progressive detachment of the film from the micro-electrodes, as confirmed by measurements of the conductivity as a function of time. This interpretation was also confirmed by estimating the tunnelling barrier parameters from voltage-current characteristics, by conductivity measurements before and after thermal treatment of the samples and by conductivity measurements of samples stored in air and under vacuum.

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“…The surface pressure may be measured by the Wilhelmy plate method that relies on the measurement of a force (due to surface tension) on a plate or other object suspended so that it is partially immersed in the subphase. 61 The presence of a monolayer film affects the surface tension of the subphase.…”

Section: The Langmuir Isotherm the Phase Changes A Monolayer Undergomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally accepted that the morphology of amphiphilic superstructures at the air-water interface remains unaffected when the films are transferred onto solid substrates. 38 The overall thickness of the Langmuir- On the basis of the information collected for the Langmuir-Blodgett films, it appears that at low surface pressures (π < 7 mN/m) the PEO chains of arborescent PS-g-PEO copolymers remain mainly adsorbed at the air-water interface, in analogy to block linear and star-branched copolymers. At higher surface pressures (condensed state), however, the PEO chains seem to partly desorb into the subphase by adopting a more extended chain conformation.…”

Section: G1-30ps-hb-43mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…35 The radius of gyration/hydrodynamic radius ratio (R G /R H ) can serve to characterize the segment density profile of microgels and branched polymers in solution. [36][37][38] It is expected to equal 0.775 for hard spheres with a uniform segmental density distribution, while values ranging from 1.23- developed to obtain dendritic micelles. Two approaches have been used to achieve this, namely the 'grafting onto', and the 'grafting from' techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

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