“…Stress intensity factor (SIF) is used to consider as an important fracture parameter for assessing the fracture failure of structures, which has been effectively verified in many studies. At present, the methods of evaluating stress intensity mainly include displacement extrapolation method (Xuan et al, 2006;Awang et al, 2018), interaction integration method (Chen et al, 2018;Hou et al, 2018), extended finite element method (Pang et al, 2016;Benvenuti, 2017; Peng & Yang, 2020), etc. These methods play a major role in predicting stress intensity factors accurately.…”