“…18,19 Under external interference, such as the local air pressure or evaporation, the local area of the liquid film will become thinner and eventually rupture to form a dry hole. [20][21][22][23][24][25] That is, a circular contact line between the liquid, gas, and solid substrate is created. 3 In a liquid film, a dry hole is a defect that may grow or collapse, depending on the thickness of the liquid film, the wettability of the substrate, and various competing forces and boundary constraints.…”