Filipino Adolescents’ Conceptions of Socioeconomic Mobility: a Consensual Qualitative Research

Clemente, José Antonio; Daganzo, Mary Angeline A.; Bernardo, Allan B. I.; Pangan, Cheila Alexis C.

doi:10.1007/s12187-016-9370-6

Cited by 8 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This was surprising given how this factor was suggested to be a causal factor in a study of Filipino's social mobility attributions (Clemente et al, 2017), and especially given that social networks are notable in the experiences of overseas Filipino workers (Hosoda, 2013;Jackson, 2011). This was surprising given how this factor was suggested to be a causal factor in a study of Filipino's social mobility attributions (Clemente et al, 2017), and especially given that social networks are notable in the experiences of overseas Filipino workers (Hosoda, 2013;Jackson, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social factors such as job opportunities, government policies, and social conditions of the country were mentioned in a study on social mobility conceptions (Clemente et al, 2017). There are other external and less controllable factors that might be perceived causes of social mobility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Mobility Pathways In the Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, quantitative (Bernardo, 2013) and qualitative studies (Clemente, Daganzo, Bernardo, & Pangan, 2017;Tuason, 2008) on Filipino's conceptions of causes of poverty, wealth, and socio-economic mobility affirm the factors related to meritocracy and luck. However, the qualitative studies suggest that the act of believing may be seen as a controllable factor, as the researchers suggest that "…some responses indicate that it is the act of believing and trusting in God's will that would move one up the socioeconomic ladder" (Clemente et al, 2017;p. For example, faith in God was a typical response of Filipinos who were born poor, when asked about ways of coping with their indigence (Tuason, 2008); faith in God was also a common response in a sample of adolescents' responses related to questions about socioeconomic mobility (Clemente et al, 2017).…”

Section: Social Mobility Pathways In the Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New items were for the faith and social network causal factors were generated by the researchers based on responses given in an earlier study on Filipino's social mobility beliefs (Clemente et al, 2017). The social class ladder was used as a reference in the items; each item started with the clause "where I end up on the ladder will be largely because of…" The meritocracy and luck subscales were adopted from Shane and Heckhausen's (2013) causal conceptions about SES; however, in the current study, each subscale had three items, whereas, Shane and Heckhausen's meritocracy and luck subscales had four and two items, respectively.…”

Section: Causal Conceptions Of Ses Attainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Working for a better future: Social mobility beliefs and expectations of Filipino migrant workers in Macau

Bernardo

Clemente

Wang

2018

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Objective: Household theory of labour migration assumes that the decision to work in another country is a family's strategy to improve prospects of socio-economic mobility. We inquired into the social cognitive processes associated with this goal by applying model of pathways to socio-economic mobility, but extending the types of causal conceptions related to social mobility that are considered important in the Philippine context. Method: We surveyed 246 Filipino migrant workers in Macau, who answered questions about perceptions of the socio-economic status of their family (before they worked abroad, presently, and 10 years after), socio-economic mobility causal conceptions (merit, luck, faith in God, social networks), and goal-attainment strategies (goal engagement, goal disengagement). Results: Migrant workers expect improved socio-economic status of their families compared to before, and they expect further improvement after 10 years. They endorsed faith in God and meritocracy as important causal factors to mobility. Path analysis indicated two pathways to socio-economic mobility expectations: (1) engagement-promoting pathway-involving faith in God and meritocracy as causal conceptions related to goal engagement, and higher socio-economic mobility expectations and (2) disengagement-promoting pathway-involving luck as causal conception related to goal disengagement, and lower socio-economic mobility expectations. Conclusion: Although working abroad is fraught with uncertainties, Filipino migrant workers aspire for upward socio-economic mobility for their families, which they seek to attain by working hard and persistence, which in turn relate to causal conceptions of mobility that involve controllable factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Mobility Pathways In the Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Mobility Pathways In the Philippinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Causal Conceptions Of Ses Attainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Working for a better future: Social mobility beliefs and expectations of Filipino migrant workers in Macau

Bernardo

Clemente

Wang

2018

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Social Mobility Attributions in East Asian and Pacific Cultures: Power Distance and Individualism as Moderators of Self-Attribution Bias

Reyes

2018

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

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Self-attribution bias operates in social mobility attributions, with positive circumstances triggering individualist attributions (attributed to one's merits) and negative circumstances triggering structural attributions (attributed to one's race, religion, sex, social connections). Analyses of East Asian and Pacific data of the International Social Survey Programme's Social Inequality Module show that perceived social inequality (PSI) leads to structural attributions, while high subjective social position (SSP) leads to individualist attributions. Cultural contexts, however, support or temper self-attribution bias, thus modifying the effects of PSI and SSP. Cross-level interactions show that the effect of PSI on structural attributions is larger in small power-distance countries, while the effect of SSP on individualist attributions is larger in countries with small power distance, high individualism, and low country average for SSP. That a small power distance strengthens the effects of PSI on structural attributions and of SSP on individualist attributions suggests contrasting scenarios, where disadvantaged groups devalue their competencies for mobility, while privileged groups believe themselves deserving of better outcomes. The context-dependency of the SSP effect suggests the modifiability of individualist attributions. These results help explain why mobility attribution profiles of Australia and New Zealand differ from those of China, Japan, the Philippines, South Korea, and Taiwan.

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Culturally Relevant Meanings of the Protestant Work Ethic and Attitudes towards Poor Persons

2018

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The Protestant work ethic (PWE), or the belief that hard work leads to success, is a popular belief across cultures. Much work indicates that PWE contributes to negative evaluations of disadvantaged groups presumably through the notion that they deserve their disadvantage for not working hard enough (“PWE-Justifier”). But there is another dimension of PWE that expresses the belief that everyone could succeed through hard work (“PWE-Equalizer”). We propose that the PWE-Justifier is meaningful in cultures that emphasize individualism and personal responsibility, but not in others. In a cross-cultural study, we compare how PWE-Justifier relates to evaluations of poor persons in the USA (individualist culture) and the Philippines (low individualist culture). In the USA sample, regression analysis indicated that internal attributions of poverty mediated the relationships of PWE-Justifier with negative stereotypes (R2 = .32) and with negative attitudes towards poor persons (R2 = .13). Bootstrapping analysis indicated that both indirect effects of PWE-Justifier were significant: Negative stereotypes, B = .17, SE = .03, p < .0001, 95% CI [.11, .24]; negative attitudes, B = 2.52, SE = 1.11, p = .014, 95% CI [0.49, 4.84]. The results were not found in the Philippine sample, where instead, PWE-Equalizer negatively predicted negative attitudes (R2 = .05) and positively predicted empathy (R2 = .05) for poor persons. The results are discussed in terms of how the negative consequences of PWE may derive from the cultural syndrome of individualism that emphasizes personal control and responsibility.

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Filipino Adolescents’ Conceptions of Socioeconomic Mobility: a Consensual Qualitative Research

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Working for a better future: Social mobility beliefs and expectations of Filipino migrant workers in Macau

Working for a better future: Social mobility beliefs and expectations of Filipino migrant workers in Macau

Social Mobility Attributions in East Asian and Pacific Cultures: Power Distance and Individualism as Moderators of Self-Attribution Bias

Culturally Relevant Meanings of the Protestant Work Ethic and Attitudes towards Poor Persons

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