Filetrability Techniques for Improving Water Clarification

Self Cite

This study developed a rapid, sensitive, accurate method for the determination of small amounts of aluminum in water. The method uses an eriochrome cyanine R dye that is a modification of Knight's method. The key factors in the modification are adjustment of the dye solutions and elimination of alkalinity, which, even in “trace” amounts, has a marked inhibitory effect. Other interferences are also eliminated, including iron and manganese with ascorbic acid, complex phosphates by boiling with acid, and fluoride, removed either by volatilization or by adding known concentrations of the ion to the aluminum solutions used in preparing calibration curves. Data are also presented to show that glass wool, absorbent cotton, and most filter papers remove nearly all the soluble aluminum from an aluminum solution. Only membrane filters can be used with confidence for this purpose. Finally, using the PSW modified method, it has been possible to demonstrate that aluminum concentrations of 0.05 mg/l or less can be expected in the filter effluent from a well‐operated water treatment plant.

Section: Aluminum In Filtered Watermentioning

confidence: 97%

Rapid Modified Eriochrome Cyanine R Method for Determination of Aluminum in Water

Shull¹,

Guthan²

1967

Self Cite

The Chemistry of High‐Rate Water Treatment

Moffett¹

1968

This article discusses the classical and physical chemistry of water treatment and their effects in the operation of high‐rate filtration plants. These discussions first outline the chemistry of coagulants and methods for controlling coagulation. The mechanisms of each unit operation ‐ rapid mix, flocculation, settling, and filtration ‐ and the effects of the chemical and physical parameters upon these unit operations are discussed, followed by suggestions to operators for improved efficiency of plant operation.

Approaches to a Filtrability Index for Granular Filters

Cleasby¹

1969