Filarial Infections

Nutman, Thomas B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00121-0

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…However, immature and adult filarial worms can sometimes be found in subcutaneous tissues of infected host. (Nutman, 2017) The (Denham, Ponnudurai, Nelson, Rogers, & Guy, 1972;Esslinger, 1962;Schacher, 1962) The pathogenesis and clinical sign of infected in cats has been studied for the purpose of using cat as model of human lymphatic filariasis infection.…”

Section: Brugia Pahangimentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of tetracycline and enrofloxacin against wolbachia spp. in microfilaria of Brugia Pahangi

Piromkij

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Brugia pahangi is a major causative agent of animal lymphatic filariasis, one of the neclected tropical disease. Recent studies have also indicated that B. pahangi can cause clinical infection in human, with clinical appearances which are consistent with human lymphatic filariasis. Nowadays, the recognition of Wolbachia as new alternative drug choice for treatment and control of lymphatic filariasis is the most important in anti-filarial chemotherapy. Since, Wolbachia play important roles, including the development, viability, fertility and fecundity of filarial parasites. Depletion of Wolbachia results in sterilization, stunting and death of filarial worms. In this study, we investigated the effects of tetracycline and enrofloxacin on B. pahangi microfilarial motility and on Wolbachia depletion. Results showed that motility score of microfilaria treated with tetracycline were markedly reduced and high concentrations of enrofloxacin also can reduced worm motility. Quantitative real-time PCR indicated that the change of Wolbachia population in each treatment groups were decreased gradually. MEC of tetracycline was 128 and 32 ?g/ml at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, while MEC of enrofloxacin was 512 ?g/ml at 24 hours. Thus, tetracyclines should be considered as a drug of choice for treatment of animal lymphatic filariasis and suggest new antibiotic, enrofloxacin, as a substitute.

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Section: Brugia Pahangimentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of tetracycline and enrofloxacin against wolbachia spp. in microfilaria of Brugia Pahangi

Piromkij

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Development of a multiplexed qPCRs-based approach for the diagnosis ofDirofilaria immitis, D. repens,Acanthocheilonema reconditumand the others filariosis

Laidoud

Davoust

Varloud³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27Background: The frequent canine filariosis are caused by zoonotic filarial nematodes 28 called Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Spirurida: 29 Onchocercidae). The absence of reliable diagnostic tools to diagnose and discriminate 30 between these infections as well as their different forms constitutes a major obstacle to 31 their control. The serological diagnosis of heartworm disease has recently shown both 32 sensitivity and specificity problems. 33Findings: Herein, we developed and set up a novel molecular approach for an improved 34 detection of the occult and non-occult filarioses, especially those caused by A. 35 reconditum, D. immitis and D. repens as well as their differential diagnosis based on 36 qPCRs assays. This approach designated the "Combined multiplex approach", proceeds 37 as follows: Filaria and wolbachia identification using the newly customized 28S-based 38 pan-filarial and 16S-based pan-wolbachia qPCRs, respectively, followed by the fast 39 typing method of positive samples using the triplex qPCR targeting A. reconditum, D. 40 immitis and D. repens, and a duplex qPCR targeting Wolbachia of D. immitis and that of 41 D. repens. The analytical sensitivity of the newly qPCR systems was confirmed by the 42 detection limit of wolbachia and filaria DNA ranged from 5E -1 to 1.5E -4 mf/ml of blood 43 with an R² higher than 0.99, Cohen's Kappa agreement ranged from 0.98 to 1. The 44 approach was complemented by a pan-filarial COI and pan-Wolbachia ftsZ PCR for the 45 identification of other filarial parasites and their Wolbachia, respectively. 46 When tested on clinical samples, the results are as follows: 29.2 % (49/168) tested 47 positive to at least filariae or wolbachiae DNA. 19 samples of them tested positive for 48 filarial DNA, 9 for wolbachia DNA and 21 for both. Filarial species and Wolbachia 49 genotype were also identified by the combined multiplex approach from all the positive 50 samples. The single DNA of D. immitis was identified in 12 samples, D. repens in 7, and 51 3 A. reconditum in 15 samples, the co-infection was observed in 5 samples, 4 for both 52Dirofilaria and one harbored the three species. Therefore, 22 samples were positive for 53 Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis, 3 for that of D. repens and 5 for both genotypes. 54A newly duplex qPCR developed for the differential diagnosis of heartworm and French 55 heartworm (Angiostrongylus vasorum) was successfully validated in vitro. However, no 56 DNA of this latter was detected in canine blood samples used in this study. The 57 immunochromatographic test for dirofilariasis antigen during evaluation before and after 58 thermal pretreatment of sera showed substantial agreement (K=0.6) and weak agreement 59 (K=0.15), respectively. 60 Conclusion:The proposed molecular tool targeting filarial genes and associated 61 Wolbachia genes is a reliable tool for the exploration and diagnosis of occult and non-62 occult canine filariasis. We believe that the current diagnosis of heartworm based on...

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Filarial Infections

Cited by 2 publications

References 49 publications

Efficacy of tetracycline and enrofloxacin against wolbachia spp. in microfilaria of Brugia Pahangi

Efficacy of tetracycline and enrofloxacin against wolbachia spp. in microfilaria of Brugia Pahangi

Development of a multiplexed qPCRs-based approach for the diagnosis ofDirofilaria immitis, D. repens,Acanthocheilonema reconditumand the others filariosis

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